Red-masked parakeet

The red-masked parakeet (Psittacara erythrogenys)[2] is a medium-sized parrot from Ecuador and Peru. It is popular as a pet and are better known in aviculture as the cherry-headed conure[3] or the red-headed conure.[4] They are also considered the best talkers of all the conures.[5]

Red-masked parakeet

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Psittacara
Species:
P. erythrogenys
Binomial name
Psittacara erythrogenys
(Lesson, 1844)
Juvenile starting to get a few red feathers on its head.

Description

Red-masked parakeets average about 33 cm (13 in) long, of which half is the tail.[3] They are bright green with a mostly red head on which the elongated pale eye-ring is conspicuous; the nape is green. Also, the lesser and median underwing coverts are red, and there is some red on the neck, the thighs, and the leading edge of the wings. Juveniles have green plumage, until their first red feathers appear at around the age of four months. Its call is two-syllabled, harsh and loud.

Habitat and distribution

These birds are native to southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru,[3] where they primarily live in jungle and deciduous forest. They can also thrive in semiarid regions as well as in suburban regions.[6] While they can live up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) above sea level, they are usually found below the 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) mark. Their wide distribution and popularity as pets contributes to their successful introduction in other areas upon release especially in the southern areas of the United States as exotic feral birds.

Feral populations
Parrots in San Francisco's Financial District
Feral parrots on a street lamp in San Francisco; one has its wings open showing the red and green on the underside of a wing

Escaped cage birds are considered to be introduced in Spain.[3] They are found in the United States, especially in Florida, California and in El Yunque rainforest in Río Grande, Puerto Rico. They make up most of the feral population in San Francisco which is documented in the film The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill by Judy Irving,[3] based on the book of the same name by Mark Bittner.[7] They are also seen in part of Hawaii.[8] Although these birds reproduce in the wild in California,[9] the red-masked parakeet is not considered established in North America. Breeding populations of feral parakeets have been observed in California in San Francisco,[3] San Diego County,[3] Los Angeles,[3] San Gabriel Valley,[3] Sunnyvale,[3] Orange County, Palo Alto and Long Beach, as well as in Texas in Houston. These feral parrots are also introduced in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The birds have been observed feeding on the fruits and flowers and nesting in palm trees.[3]

Breeding

Clutches average three to four eggs and incubation is over within 23 or 24 days. Nests are usually made in tree cavities and they can breed successfully in small woodlots or even isolated trees in degraded forests. Juvenile birds fledge after 50 days with green plumage.[3]

Conservation status

It has been the tenth most common Neotropical parrot imported into the US with over 26,000 parakeets checked in from 1981 to 1985. This bird was formerly more common in its limited range, and was reclassified by the IUCN from a species of least concern to a species that is near threatened in 1994. This is due to declining populations brought by widespread local pet trade in Peru and Ecuador which attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation.[10]

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References
  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Psittacara erythrogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae) J.V. Remsen, Jr., Erin E. Schirtzinger, Anna Ferraroni, Luís Fábio Silveira & Timothy F. Wright
  3. "Red-masked Conures (Aratinga erythrogenys)".
  4. "Data" (PDF). sdplantatlas.org.
  5. Athan, Mattie Sue (2010). Guide to Companion Parrot Behavior. Barron's Educational Series. p. 179. ISBN 0-7641-4213-5. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
  6. "Red-masked Parakeet (Psittacara erythrogenys) - BirdLife species factsheet".
  7. "The Parrot Pages" - Mark Bittner 2008
  8. "Red masked parakeet" (PDF). hbs.bishopmuseum.org.
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2017-11-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Further reading
  • David Sibley (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
  • Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol 4, Josep del Hoyo editor, ISBN 84-87334-22-9
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