Record of Music
Record of Music 樂記 (Yue ji) is the 19th chapter of the Book of Rites. It constitutes the grounds for reconstruction of the lost Classic of Music 樂經.
The authorship of the Yueji is a matter of debate. The Book of Sui ascribes it to Gongsun Nizi, a second-generation disciple of Confucius, and this view was common during the Tang dynasty. However, the present version includes reference to Marquis Wen of Wei and Zi Xia's meeting which could not have occurred during Gongsun Nizi's life. Qiu Qiongsun claims another Gongsun Ni lived during the Han dynasty, authored the book, and it was later erroneously ascribed to the better-known Confucian disciple.
The Yueji is mentioned in the "Yiwen zhi" chapter of the Book of Han, which was built on Liu Xin's Qilue. There, its authorship is ascribed to Liu De, a son of the Han emperor Jing, and his friends. The contents of Yueji are fully present in the Yueshu chapter of the Records of the Grand Historian, but, as argued by Martin Kern, this chapter is a later addition to Sima Qian's work, probably dating by the Eastern Han period. According to Kern, this might bear on the dating of the Yue ji itself.[1]
Kong Yingda (574 – 648) records in his Liji Zhengyi that in his editorial work Liu Xiang came across another Yueji variant, much different from Liu De's. Unfortunately, of the 23 chapters known to Liu Xiang, only 11 are known.
Scott Cook's research concludes on the Warring States authorship of Yue ji as the most probable.[2]
Material related to the Yueji can be found in Xunzi's "Yuelun", the Xici zhuan comment to the Yijing, the "Great Preface" to the Book of Songs, Lüshi Chunqiu, and other sources.
References
- Kern, Martin. "A Note on the Authenticity and Ideology of Shih-Chi 24, The Book on Music". The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 119, No. 4 (October 1999).
- Cook, Yue ji - Record of Music. Introduction, translation, notes, and commentary. Asian Music, vol. 26 no. 2 Spring–Summer 1995, p. 7.