Rainbow parrotfish

The rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia) is a species of fish in the family Scaridae.

Rainbow parrotfish

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus: Scarus
Species:
S. guacamaia
Binomial name
Scarus guacamaia
Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms[2]

Description

S. guacamaia is among the largest members of its family, and the largest in the Atlantic, reaching 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in length, 20 kg in weight and a maximum age of 16 years. It has a greenish-brown overall colouration; the fins are dull orange with tongues of green. Its dental plates are blue-green. Sexes appear alike.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The rainbow parrotfish has a relatively wide distribution in the western Atlantic, and can be found from Bermuda through South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean to Venezuela. It inhabits coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds in shallow waters, at depths of 3–25 m.[1][2]

Ecology

S. guacamaia is primarily a detritivore, feeding on detritus, bacterial colonies and meiofauna but also taking sponges. Young fish appear to recruit mostly to mangroves.[1]

Conservation

S. guacamaia was formerly classified as vulnerable due to overfishing and habitat loss, but because the presently available data do not allow an estimate of the population decline, it is now considered near threatened by the IUCN. It is relatively rare in most of its range, but more common in Bermuda. The rainbow parrotfish is widely harvested in subsistence fisheries in many parts of the Caribbean.[1]

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References
  1. Choat, J.H.; Feitosa, C.; Ferreira, C.E.; et al. (2012). "Scarus guacamaia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T19950A17627624. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19950A17627624.en. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Scarus guacamaia" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
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