RM-70 multiple rocket launcher

The RM-70 (raketomet vzor 1970) multiple rocket launcher is a Czechoslovakian army version and heavier variant of the BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher, providing enhanced performance over its parent area-saturation rocket artillery system that was introduced in 1971[2] (the NATO designation is M1972).

RM-70 multiple rocket launcher
Czech Republic Land Forces RM-70
TypeSelf-propelled multiple rocket launcher
Place of originCzechoslovakia
Service history
In service1972-present
Used bySee users
WarsWestern Sahara War[1]
2008 South Ossetia war, Sri Lankan Civil War, 2011 Libyan Civil War, War in Afghanistan, Yemeni Civil War (2015-present)
Specifications
Mass33.7 tonnes (74,295 lbs)
Length8.75 m (28 ft 8 in)
Width2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Height2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Crew6
Caliber122.4 mm (4.8 in)
Barrels40
Maximum firing range20 km (12 mi)
ArmorSteel
Secondary
armament
Universal machine gun vz. 59
EngineT-903-3 V-12 multi-fuel
250 hp (184 kW)
Suspension8×8 wheeled
Operational
range
400 km (250 mi)
Maximum speed 85 km/h (53 mph)

Overview

RM-70 was developed in Czechoslovakia as a successor for the RM-51, achieving initial operational capability with its Army in 1972. The launcher was being produced in Dubnica nad Váhom (Slovakia). Originally, it was sold to East Germany. After the Soviet Union collapse and the split of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, it was sold to several states in Africa, America, Asia and Europe.

RM-70 replaced the Ural-375D 6x6 truck by a Tatra T813 "Kolos" 8x8 truck as carrier platform for the 40-round launcher. The new carrier vehicle provides enough space for carrying 40 additional 122mm rockets pack for reload. Nevertheless, RM-70 performance remains near the same as Grad even in terms of vehicle's speed and range. This rocket launcher can fire both individual rounds and volleys, principally by means of indirect fire. It is designed for concentrated fire coverage of large areas (up to 3 hectares in one volley) by high explosive fragmentation shells. The fire is robust with almost 256 kg of explosives used in one volley of 40 rockets. The rockets used are either the original Soviet 9M22 and 9M28, or locally developed models. These are the JROF with a range of 20.75 km, the JROF-K with a range of 11 km, the "Trnovnik" with 63 HEAT-bomblets and with a range of 17.5 km, the "Kuš" with five PPMI-S1 anti-personnel mines or the "Krizhna-R" with 4 anti-tank mines PTMI-D and with a range of 19,450 m.

The vehicle is provided with a central tyre pressure regulation system (to allow its adaptation to the nature of the traversed ground), a headlight with white light on the forward cab roof and, if necessary, with a snow plough SSP 1000 or a dozer blade BZ-T to arrange its own emplacement or to remove obstacles.

Variants
RM-70 Vampire 4D

Czech and Slovak Republics
  • RM-70 - Basic model, as described.[3]
  • RM-70/85 - Unarmored version of the RM-70, based on the Tatra T815 VPR9 8x8.1R truck with 265 hp engine T3-930-51. Combat weight: 26.1 t. Sometimes called RM-70M.[4]
  • RM-70/85M - Modernised vehicle with new fire control and navigation equipment, can use a new type of rocket with a range of 36 km. Slovakia has ordered 50 upgrade packages.[5]
  • RM-70 Modular - In December 2000, the Slovak Ministry of Defense and Delta Defence started the RM-70 Modular German-Slovak modernization project. RM-70 Modular allows this artillery system to launch either twenty-eight 122mm rockets, or six 227mm rockets as used on the M270 MLRS. This way the system became fully NATO interoperable. The truck cabin is entirely armored. The Slovak Republic signed for 26 upgraded artillery systems with the first one delivered on May 20, 2005. RM-70 Modular is being offered as an upgrade for RM-70 owners.[6]

  • Vz.92 "Križan" VMZ (velkokapacitní mobilní zatarasovač) - Engineer vehicle, based on the Tatra T815 36.265 with a lightly armoured cabin. The vehicle comes in different configurations, the standard being a 40-round rocket launcher (for "Kuš" and "Krizhna-R" rockets), a mechanical mine layer for anti-tank mines (PT Mi-U or PT Mi-Ba-III) and two dispensers for anti-personnel mines (PP Mi-S1).[7]
  • RM-70 Vampire - Upgraded version integrated on a Tatra T-815-7 truck chassis powered by a Tatra T3C V8 engine[8] with 270 kW of output, coupled with a Tatra 10 TS 210 N gearbox, with semi-automatic Tatra Norgen drive system and an additional gearbox Tatra 2.30TRS. It has a range of around 1,000 km (620 mi) and a top speed of 90 km/h (56 mph) with an armored and NBC-protected crew cabin.[9]

Operators
Map of RM-70 operators in blue with former operators in red
RM-70 Slovak army.
Indonesian Korps Marinir RM-70 unit firing

Current operators

Former operators
  •  Bulgaria - 12 imported in 2009[33](reexport, not commissioned in the Bulgarian Army)
  •  Czech Republic - 60 RM-70 (decommissioned as of end of 2011 without replacement)
  •  Czechoslovakia - Passed on to the Czech Republic and Slovakia after its dissolution
  •  East Germany - 265 RM-70 and RM-70M; delivered to Greece after the collapse of the GDR. 36 sold to Finland in 1991.
  •  Germany - Inherited from the GDR, donated to Greece
  • Taliban
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See also

References
  1. RM-70 MULTIPLE ROCKET LAUNCHES WITH POLISARIO FORCES AAIN UM SERUSA POLISARIO CAMP, WESTERN SAHARA (SANITIZED) (Report). Central Intelligence Agency. March 26, 1982.
  2. "Československé vojenství - Vaše dotazy - Odpovědi na dotazy 1231. - 1245". Vojenstvi.cz. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  3. "CZK - vz. 70 (122mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy". Forum.valka.cz. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  4. "CZK - vz. 70/85 (122mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy". Forum.valka.cz. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  5. "SVK - RM 70/85M (122mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy". Forum.valka.cz. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  6. "SVK/DEU - RM 70/85 Modular (122mm / 227mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy". Forum.valka.cz. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  7. "CZK - VMZ vz.92 Križan (velkokapacitní mobilní zatarasovač) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Speciální nástavby". Forum.valka.cz. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  8. http://www.tatratrucks.com/why-tatra/tatra-vehicle-design/tatra-engine/
  9. Excalibur Army offers a modern version of the RM-70 rocket artillery system - Armyrecognition.com, 13 April 2016
  10. Military Balance 2016, p. 429.
  11. "Czech Dana M1 152mm 8x8 howitzers RM-70 Vampir MLRS in service with Azerbaijan army". Army Recognition. 21 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  12. Nakra, Daksh (21 September 2017). "Exercise reveals Azerbaijani Army Dana SPH and RM-70 MRL". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  13. "Large-scale military exercises started in Azerbaijan – PHOTO/VİDEO". Azeri Defence. 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  14. "Azərbaycan yeni artilleriya sistemlərini təlimdə sınaqdan çıxarır – FOTO". Azeri Defence (in Azerbaijani). 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  15. Military Balance 2016, p. 239.
  16. Military Balance 2016, p. 441.
  17. Military Balance 2016, p. 396.
  18. Military Balance 2016, p. 184.
  19. Military Balance 2016, p. 104.
  20. http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=2001
  21. Military Balance 2016, p. 342.
  22. Military Balance 2016, p. 461.
  23. Analysis: New combat vehicles and tanks at military parade in North Korea by Army Recognition Archived 2017-04-18 at the Wayback Machine - Armyrecognition.com, 17 April 2017
  24. https://www.nknews.org/2015/10/analysis-of-new-updated-equipment-in-october-10-parade/
  25. "Polski projekt modernizacji artyleryjskich wyrzutni rakietowych RM-70/85 z Huty Stalowa Wola" (in Polish). militarium.net. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  26. Military Balance 2016, p. 127.
  27. https://www.rp.pl/Przemysl-Obronny/310139972-Drgnelo-w-eksporcie-broni.html
  28. Military Balance 2016, p. 463.
  29. Military Balance 2016, p. 137.
  30. Military Balance 2016, p. 289.
  31. Military Balance 2016, p. 475.
  32. Military Balance 2016, p. 478.
  33. "Bulgarian arms imports, 2009 calendar year". UNODA. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
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