RAF Wheaton Aston

Royal Air Force Wheaton Aston or more simply RAF Wheaton Aston was a Royal Air Force station located just outside of the village of Wheaton Aston in Staffordshire, England. The base was actually in the hamlet of Little Onn which is 1.2 miles (2 km) north west of Wheaton Aston.[3] The base was known locally as Little Onn or RAF Little Onn, but the policy of naming Royal Air Force stations was down to which parish the Station Headquarters was in.[4]

RAF Wheaton Aston
RAF Little Onn
Little Onn, Staffordshire
Control tower at RAF Wheaton Aston in 2010
RAF Wheaton Aston Shown within Staffordshire
Coordinates	52°43′56″N 02°14′05″W
Type	Bomber training base
Code	WH[1]
Height	350 feet (110 m)[2]
Site information
Owner	Air Ministry Ministry of Defence
Controlled by	Royal Air Force
Open to the public	Now private agricultural land
Condition	Derelict
Site history
Built	1940-1941 (1940-1941)
In use	1941–1947
Demolished	Partially

The airfield was one of the Royal Air Force's largest training environments in the Second World War with an average of 11,000+ flying hours per month by 1944.

History

Originally constructed from October 1940 onwards as a relief landing ground for RAF Hixon, the base at Wheaton Aston was completed six months before Hixon was.[5] Instead Wheaton Aston became a satellite airfield of RAF High Ercall under the auspices of the Service Flying Training School (SFTS) at RAF Shawbury and a training base for No. 11 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit ((P)AFU).[6] Because of the upturn in training at the base, it eventually went on to have 5 Relief Landing Grounds/Satellite sites of its own (RAF Bratton, RAF Peplow, RAF Perton, RAF Seighford & RAF Tatenhill).[7] Throughout its existence, RAF Wheaton Aston was parented by RAF Shawbury and was dedicated to (P)AFU and Beam Approach Training (BAT). BAT was an early form of instrument landing system using radio beams.[8] Training units based here were No. 11 (P)AFU, No 11 SFTS, No.21 (P)AFU, No. 1511 BAT Flight, No. 1517 BAT Flight and No. 1545 BAT Flight.[7] No. 11 (P)AFU was structured into six flights, three were based at RAF Shawbury with one each at RAF Condover, RAF Perton and Wheaton Aston.[9]

Pilots on the Empire Training Scheme at Wheaton Aston received refresher and night training on Airspeed Oxford aircraft before being posted out to an Operational Training Unit[10] with the training extended to foreign as well as domestic aircrews. All the main units that trained at Wheaton Aston used the Airspeed Oxford Aircraft.[11] Throughout the Second World War, Wheaton Aston remained busy and was second only to RAF Lichfield in terms of aircraft movements in Staffordshire.[12] The airfield recorded a flying time of 8,773 hours during daylight and 2,605 at night over the course May in 1944.[13] This was the equivalent of 15 aircraft permanently in the air for 30 days.[14]

Training units in the Second World War, particularly those which were satellite or relief land grounds, attracted the need to be doubly insured because of the inherent nature of the training. RAF Wheaton Aston was one of two bases which were insured three times over (the other being RAF Little Rissington) because of the high casualty rate and inexperience of aircrews.[15]

The Shropshire Union Canal is just to the east of the site and it is believed that the canal fooled some of the new pilots during night-time training.[16] At least one aircraft, an American P-47 Thunderbolt ended up in the canal, though this was down to an engine failure with the aircraft undershooting the airfield and plunging into the canal.[17] Whilst the pilot avoided serious injury, the aircraft was dragged out of the canal and scrapped.[18]

The Luftwaffe dropped a 500lb bomb on the base but according to the locals, due to it being a (P)AFU, the number of crashes in the fields around the station by aircrew under training were just as memorable as the aerial bombardments.[19]

With peace in Europe declared, Canadian personnel working at Wheaton Aston were repatriated from the base in June 1945. The same month saw some RAF and WAAF personnel released from service duties to go back to civilian life.[20] The downturn in training did not seem to affect Wheaton Aston at this time as the monthly tally on flying hours reached 9,600, which was only marginally less than the average of flying hours recorded during the training's peak.[21]

In October 1946, Aneurin Bevan, who was Minister for Health at the time, flew into the base from Croydon to attend a conference in Stoke-on-Trent.[14]

Although training continued, with the end of the Second World War, the base at Wheaton Aston was surplus to requirements and the last unit to operate there, No. 21 (P)AFU was moved to Moreton-in-Marsh in December 1946.[22] The base was abandoned completely by the Royal Air Force in 1947.[23]

Post RAF

From 1947 to 1965, the former airbase buildings were used to house Polish immigrants, many of whom had been displaced by the Second World War. Some were in transit before going on to America and Canada whilst some stayed behind and upon closure of the camp, were housed locally at Gnosall and in Stafford.[24] One of those who arrived at the former RAF Base and stayed on in Stafford was Zdzislaw Luszowicz, a former SOE agent who had fought in Poland during the Second World War.[25]

In the 1950s, Wheaton Aston was a waypoint in the Goodyear Trophy Race. The race involved competitors flying from Wolverhampton Airport (next to the Goodyear plant in Wolverhampton) and back again in a circle via Pillarton Hall, Penkridge, Wheaton Aston, Ackerley and Wolverhampton again in a 32-mile (51 km) round trip.[26]

Since the mid-1960s, the former base area has been used for pig farming and agricultural purposes,[27] but the outlines of the airfield are still visible on aerial mapping.[28] The airfield, guardhouse[29] and control tower[30] are all registered monuments. Additionally, the eastern perimeter track for the aircraft has been adapted for use as a local road. A study commissioned by the airfield's owners in 2000 declared that the airfield was beyond economic revival.[27]

References

1. "Wheaton Aston". Control Towers UK. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
2. "Stations-W". RAFweb.org. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
3. "127" (Map). Stafford & Telford (D2 ed.). 1:50,000. Landranger. Ordnance Survey. 2010. ISBN 978-0-319-22851-7.
4. "A brief history of the Royal Air Force". Royal Air Force Air Publications (1): 376. 2004. OCLC 69224300.
5. Chorlton 2007, pp. 205-206.
6. Delve 2007, p. 332.
7. "Wheaton Aston". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
8. Brooks 2008, pp. 150-151.
9. Chorlton 2007, p. 207.
10. Thomas 2009, p. 192.
11. Chorlton 2007, p. 208.
12. Chorlton 2007, p. 205.
13. Chorlton 2007, p. 211.
14. Smith, David J. (1981). Military airfields of Wales and the North-West (1 ed.). Cambridge: P. Stephens. p. 204. ISBN 0850594855.
15. Philpott, Ian (2008). "7: RAF stations, airfields and other establishments". The Royal Air Force 1930-1939; an encyclopaedia of the inter-war years. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. pp. 258–259. ISBN 978-1-84415-391-6.
16. Fisher, Stuart (2009). "30 Shropshire Union Canal". The Canals of Britain. London: Adlard Coles Nautical. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-4081-0517-7.
17. "P-47 Thunderbolt 41-6538". Aircrash sites. 9 May 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
18. Chorlton 2007, p. 212.
19. "Times Gone By 1968: Family exodus from farming". Staffordshire Newsletter. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
20. Chorlton 2007, p. 213.
21. Chorlton 2007, p. 214.
22. Chorlton 2007, pp. 215-216.
23. Historic England. "RAF Wheaton Aston Airfield (1412694)". PastScape. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
24. "Wheaton Aston Camp Staffordshire 1947 - 1965 also known as Little Onn". Polish Resettlement Camps in the UK. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
25. Thomas 2009, p. 92.
26. "First major race of 1952". Flight Magazine. 23: 642. May 1952. OCLC 1569371.
27. "'NO ULTERIOR MOTIVE' BEHIND AIRFIELD DOUBTS". Burton Mail. 28 April 2006. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
28. Delve 2007, p. 333.
29. Historic England. "Wheaton Aston Guardhouse (1412693)". PastScape. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
30. Historic England. "Wheaton Aston Control Tower (1412692)". PastScape. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

Bibliography

• Brooks, Robin J. Shropshire Airfields in the Second World War. Newbury, Berkshire, UK: Countryside Books, 2007. ISBN 9781846741050.
• Chorlton, Martyn. Staffordshire Airfields in the Second World War. Newbury, Berkshire, UK: Countryside Books, 2007. ISBN 9781846740565.
• Delve, Ken. The military airfields of Britain; Wales and West Midlands. Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-861269-17-1.
• Thomas, Nick. Stafford at War 1939-1945. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2009. ISBN 978 1 84415 943 7.