RAC3

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (Rac3) is a G protein that in humans is encoded by the RAC3 gene.[5] It is an important component of intracellular signalling pathways. Rac3 is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins.[6][7] Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases.[5]

This article is about a protein. For the third game in the Ratchet & Clank series, see Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal.

RAC3
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2C2H, 2G0N, 2IC5, 2OV2, 2QME
Identifiers
Aliases	RAC3, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3), Rac family small GTPase 3
External IDs	OMIM: 602050 MGI: 2180784 HomoloGene: 68433 GeneCards: RAC3
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17q25.3 Start 82,031,678 bp[1] End 82,034,204 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11|11 E2 Start 120,721,470 bp[2] End 120,723,969 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • GTP binding • calcium-dependent protein binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • GTPase activity • protein kinase binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • filamentous actin • cytosol • cell projection • membrane • growth cone • cell membrane • neuronal cell body • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • neuron projection • extracellular exosome • cytoskeleton • endomembrane system • cell periphery • lamellipodium • intracellular Biological process • GO:0007243 intracellular signal transduction • neuromuscular process controlling balance • regulation of neuron maturation • synaptic transmission, GABAergic • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development • positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading • neuromuscular process • cell projection assembly • regulation of cell morphogenesis • homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue • positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin • neuron projection development • regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction • actin cytoskeleton organization • small GTPase mediated signal transduction • cell morphogenesis • actin filament organization • Rho protein signal transduction • cell migration • positive regulation of actin filament polymerization • actin cytoskeleton reorganization • engulfment of apoptotic cell Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5881	170758
Ensembl	ENSG00000169750	ENSMUSG00000018012
UniProt	P60763	P60764
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005052 NM_001316307	NM_133223
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001303236 NP_005043	NP_573486
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 82.03 – 82.03 Mb	Chr 11: 120.72 – 120.72 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interactions

RAC3 has been shown to interact with CIB1[8] and HNF1A.[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169750 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018012 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: RAC3 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3)".
6. Courjal F, Chuchana P, Theillet C, Fort P (September 1997). "Structure and chromosomal assignment to 22q12 and 17qter of the ras-related Rac2 and Rac3 human genes". Genomics. 44 (2): 242–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4871. PMID 9299243.
7. Haataja L, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N (August 1997). "Characterization of RAC3, a novel member of the Rho family". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (33): 20384–88. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.33.20384. PMID 9252344.
8. Haataja, Leena; Kaartinen Vesa; Groffen John; Heisterkamp Nora (March 2002). "The small GTPase Rac3 interacts with the integrin-binding protein CIB and promotes integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-mediated adhesion and spreading". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8321–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105363200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11756406. yes
9. Soutoglou, E; Papafotiou G; Katrakili N; Talianidis I (April 2000). "Transcriptional activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 requires synergism between multiple coactivator proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (17): 12515–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.17.12515. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10777539. yes

Further reading

• Didsbury J, Weber RF, Bokoch GM, et al. (1989). "rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (28): 16378–82. PMID 2674130.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Haataja L, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N (1997). "Characterization of RAC3, a novel member of the Rho family". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (33): 20384–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.33.20384. PMID 9252344.
• Courjal F, Chuchana P, Theillet C, Fort P (1997). "Structure and chromosomal assignment to 22q12 and 17qter of the ras-related Rac2 and Rac3 human genes". Genomics. 44 (2): 242–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4871. PMID 9299243.
• Mira JP, Benard V, Groffen J, et al. (2000). "Endogenous, hyperactive Rac3 controls proliferation of breast cancer cells by a p21-activated kinase-dependent pathway". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (1): 185–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97..185M. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.185. PMC 26637. PMID 10618392.
• Soutoglou E, Papafotiou G, Katrakili N, Talianidis I (2000). "Transcriptional activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 requires synergism between multiple coactivator proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (17): 12515–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.17.12515. PMID 10777539.
• Morris CM, Haataja L, McDonald M, et al. (2000). "The small GTPase RAC3 gene is located within chromosome band 17q25.3 outside and telomeric of a region commonly deleted in breast and ovarian tumours". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 89 (1–2): 18–23. doi:10.1159/000015583. PMID 10894930.
• Gnanapragasam VJ, Leung HY, Pulimood AS, et al. (2002). "Expression of RAC 3, a steroid hormone receptor co-activator in prostate cancer". Br. J. Cancer. 85 (12): 1928–36. doi:10.1054/bjoc.2001.2179. PMC 2364015. PMID 11747336.
• Haataja L, Kaartinen V, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N (2002). "The small GTPase Rac3 interacts with the integrin-binding protein CIB and promotes integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-mediated adhesion and spreading". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8321–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105363200. PMID 11756406.
• De Langhe S, Haataja L, Senadheera D, et al. (2002). "Interaction of the small GTPase Rac3 with NRBP, a protein with a kinase-homology domain". Int. J. Mol. Med. 9 (5): 451–9. doi:10.3892/ijmm.9.5.451. PMID 11956649.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Zhang A, Yeung PL, Li CW, et al. (2004). "Identification of a novel family of ankyrin repeats containing cofactors for p160 nuclear receptor coactivators". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (32): 33799–805. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403997200. PMID 15184363.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Hwang SL, Chang JH, Cheng TS, et al. (2006). "Expression of Rac3 in human brain tumors". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 12 (5): 571–4. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.08.013. PMID 15993075.
• Chan AY, Coniglio SJ, Chuang YY, et al. (2005). "Roles of the Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases in human tumor cell invasion". Oncogene. 24 (53): 7821–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208909. PMID 16027728.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
• Baugher PJ, Krishnamoorthy L, Price JE, Dharmawardhane SF (2006). "Rac1 and Rac3 isoform activation is involved in the invasive and metastatic phenotype of human breast cancer cells". Breast Cancer Res. 7 (6): R965–74. doi:10.1186/bcr1329. PMC 1410764. PMID 16280046.
• Watabe-Uchida M, John KA, Janas JA, et al. (2006). "The Rac activator DOCK7 regulates neuronal polarity through local phosphorylation of stathmin/Op18". Neuron. 51 (6): 727–39. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.020. PMID 16982419.
• Hajdo-Milasinović A, Ellenbroek SI, van Es S, et al. (2007). "Rac1 and Rac3 have opposing functions in cell adhesion and differentiation of neuronal cells". J. Cell Sci. 120 (Pt 4): 555–66. doi:10.1242/jcs.03364. PMID 17244648.

External links

• RAC3 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway