Swedish Red Polled

The Swedish Red Polled, Swedish: Rödkulla, is a Swedish breed of domestic cattle. It is a dual-purpose breed, raised both for its milk and for its meat.

Not to be confused with Swedish Polled.

Swedish Red Polled

Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at risk[1]^:111
Other names	Swedish: Rödkulla Swedish Red Poll
Country of origin	Sweden
Use	dual-purpose, milk and meat
Traits
Weight	Female: 350–600 kg[2]
Coat	red, sometimes with white markings
Horn status	polled (hornless)
Cattle Bos (primigenius) taurus

History

The Swedish Red Polled is a traditional Swedish breed. It was commonly raised in the landskap of Dalarna and along the west coast of the country. A herd-book was established in 1912,[3] and the breed began to spread. By the late 1930s it was present not only in Dalarna but in Bohuslän, Dalsland, Gästrikland, Hälsingland, Närke, the Stockholm archipelago, Uppland, Värmland and Västmanland. There were about 30 000 head.[2][4]

In 1937 a new breed, the Swedish Polled (Swedish: Svensk Kullig Boskap or SKB), was created with the intention of merging the Rödkulla with the Fjällras, a quite different breed of mountain cattle.[5]^:307[6] Breeders did not accept the new classification, and continued to maintain separate bloodlines as before.[7]^:12–13[8] A breeders' association, the Sveriges Rödkulleförening, was formed in the 1960s.[7]^:13 Nevertheless, the population declined steeply. By the late 1970s it had fallen to a low of about 20 head of pure-bred stock, and conservation efforts began.[4] In the recovery process some use was made of imported stock of similar breeds from Finland and Norway (Ostlandsk Roedkolle and Vestlandsk Raudkolle).[2] In 2004 the Rödkulla received official recognition: a breed number (40) was assigned to it by the Statens Jordbruksverk, the Swedish board of agriculture.[2]

In 2009 there were about 1200 cows and 400 bulls of the breed; semen from a further 70 bulls was available for artificial insemination.[2]

Characteristics

The Swedish Red Polled is solid red; it may sometimes have white markings.[3][2] It is always polled; horned animals may not be registered. It forages well and tolerates extremes of cold.[2]

Use

The Rödkulla is a dual-purpose breed. It gives about 5500 kg of milk per year. Stock for slaughter reaches a weight of 250–400 kg in 30 months.[2]

References

1. Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed November 2016.
2. Lite om rödkullan (in Swedish). Sveriges Rödkulleförening. Accessed November 2016.
3. Breed description: Swedish Red Polled. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. Archived 15 November 2007.
4. Rödkullan historiskt sett (in Swedish). Sveriges Rödkulleförening. Accessed November 2016.
5. Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
6. Breed data sheet: Svensk kullig boskap (skb)/Sweden. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2016.
7. [Swedish Board of Agriculture] (2002). Country report on animal genetic resources for food and agriculture in Sweden, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed November 2016.
8. Rawlynce C. Bett, Mwai A. Okeyo, Birgitta Malmfors, Kjell Johansson, Morris Agaba, Donald R. Kugonza, A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan, Anibal E. Vercesi Filho, Arthur S. Mariante, Fidalis D. Mujibi, Jan Philipsson (2013). Cattle Breeds: Extinction or Quasi-Extant?. Resources 2 (3): 335–357. doi:10.3390/resources2030335.