Qutlugh Nigar Khanum

Qutlugh Nigar Khanum (also spelled Kutlak Nigar Khanum; d. 1505) was the first wife and chief consort[1] of Umar Shaikh Mirza II, the ruler of Ferghana Valley. She was a princess of Moghulistan by birth and was a daughter of Yunus Khan, the Great Khan of Moghulistan.

Qutlugh Nigar Khanum
Queen consort of Ferghana Valley
Tenurec. 1475 – 1492
DiedJune 1505
SpouseUmar Shaikh Mirza II
IssueKhanzada Begum
Babur, Mughal emperor
Full name
Qutlugh Nigar
HouseHouse of Borjigin (by birth)
House of Timur (by marriage)
FatherYunus Khan
MotherAisan Daulat Begum
ReligionIslam

She was also the mother of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire of India as well as its first emperor.

Family and lineage

Qutlugh Nigar Khanum was born as a princess of Moghulistan and was the second daughter of Yunus Khan, the Great Khan of Moghulistan, and his chief consort Aisan Daulat Begum.[2] Her paternal grandfather was Uwais Khan, the Moghul Khan of Moghulistan and her father's predecessor.

Qutlugh was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, the founder and Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire through her father's side. Being the daughter of a Khan, Qutlugh held the title of "Khanum" ("daughter of a Khan or princess") by birth.

All of Qutlugh's siblings became her sisters-in-law since her elder sister, Mihr Nigar Khanum, married Sultan Ahmed Mirza, the eldest son of Abu Sa'id Mirza. Her younger sister, Khub Nigar Khanum, married Sultan Ahmed Mirza's successor, Sultan Mahmud Mirza.[3]

Marriage

Qutlugh married Prince Umar Shaikh, the fourth son of Abu Sa'id Mirza, the Emperor of the Timurid Empire in 1475. She was his first wife and chief consort. Before his death, her father-in-law had divided his empire between his sons and Umar was given to rule Ferghana Valley in today's Uzbekistan. Here, at Andizhan, she gave birth to Umar's eldest son, Prince Babur on 14 February 1483.[4] Babur went on to become the founder of the Mughal Empire of India and was the first Mughal emperor.

Qutlugh also gave birth to Umar's eldest daughter, Princess Khanzada Begum, who was five years older than Babur and was born sometime in 1478. Qutlugh, being a Mongol princess, was well educated. With the untimely death of her husband, when her son Babur was only ten, Qutlugh and her mother Aisan Daulat Begum, raised him themselves.[5] She accompanied her son during most of his guerrilla expeditions and throne-less times.[5]

Death

Qutlugh Nigar had fever for six days and died in June 1505, five or six months after Babur conquered Kabul. She, therefore, did not live to see her son become Mughal emperor. She was buried in New Year's Garden. Babur paid 1,000 coined misqal to his kinsmen, the owners of the garden, and laid her there.

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References
  1. Robinson, Annemarie Schimmel ; translated by Corinne Attwood ; edited by Burzine K. Waghmar ; with a foreword by Francis (2005). The empire of the Great Mughals : history, art and culture (Revised ed.). Lahore: Sang-E-Meel Pub. p. 144. ISBN 9781861891853.
  2. Lal, Ruby (2005). Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780521850223.
  3. Yarshater, Ehsan; Lockhart, the late Laurence (1983). The Cambridge history of Iran (Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ISBN 9780521246996.
  4. The Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 3.
  5. Beveridge, Annette Susannah (2006). Babur Nama : Journal of Emperor Babur (1.publ. ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 13, 25. ISBN 9780144001491.
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