Quassinoid

Quassinoids are degraded triterpene lactones (similar to limonoids) of the Simaroubaceae plant family grouped into C-18, C-19, C-20, C-22 and C-25 types.[1] The prototypical member of the group, quassin, was first described in the 19th century from plants of the genus Quassia from which it gets its name.[2] It was isolated in 1937[3] and its structure elucidated in 1961.

Chemical structure of quassin

They are a biologically potent class of natural products, possessing antimalarial,[4] antifeedant,[5] insecticidal,[6] anti-inflammatory,[7] and anticancer[8] properties. The quassinoid bruceantin reached two separate phase II clinical trials in 1982[9] and 1983.[10] Although it was considered to be toxic to cells in the 1980s, after the 21st century, some pharmaceutical experts began to conduct research and development of lead drugs for Quassinoids. It clarified that it has excellent potential for pharmaceutical preparation, and launched research in 2020 Targeted approach, trying to develop inhibitors that target specific viruses and prevent the virus's own protein transcription (the phenomenon of synthesizing RNA from DNA templates).

Other quassinoids include:[11]

References
  1. Vieira, Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 2006 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ivo_Vieira/publication/251467805
  2. Winckler, F. L. (1835). Rep. Pharm. 4: 85. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. Clark, E. P. (1937). "Diarsyls. IX. Tetra-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-diarsyl". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (5): 927. doi:10.1021/ja01284a045.
  4. Muhammad, I.; Samoylenko, V. (2007). "Antimalarial quassinoids: Past, present and future". Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2 (8): 1065–84. doi:10.1517/17460441.2.8.1065. PMID 23484873.
  5. Leskinen, V.; Polonsky, J.; Bhatnagar, S. (1984). "Antifeedant activity of quassinoids". J. Chem. Ecol. 10 (10): 1497–507. doi:10.1007/BF00990319. PMID 24318349.
  6. Fang, X.; Di, Y. T.; Xhang, Y.; Xu, Z. P.; Lu, Y.; Chen, Q. Q.; Zheng, Q. T.; Hao, X. J. (2015). "Unprecedented Quassinoids with Promising Biological Activity fromHarrisonia perforata". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 (19): 5592–5. doi:10.1002/anie.201412126. PMID 25810025.
  7. Hall, I. H.; Lee, K. H.; Imakura, Y.; Okano, M.; Johnson, A. (1983). "Anti-inflammatory Agents III: Structure–Activity Relationships of Brusatol and Related Quassinoids". J. Pharm. Sci. 72 (11): 1282–4. doi:10.1002/jps.2600721111. PMID 6417321.
  8. Fukamiya, N.; Lee, K.H.; Muhammad, I., Murakami, C.; Okano, M.; Harvey, I.; Pelletier, J. (2005). "Structure–activity relationships of quassinoids for eukaryotic protein synthesis". Cancer Letters. 220 (1): 37–48. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2004.04.023. PMID 15737686.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. Wiseman, C. L.; Yap, H. Y.; Bedikian, A. Y.; Bodey, G. P.; Blumenchein, G. R. (1982). "Phase II trial of bruceantin in metastatic breast carcinoma". Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 5 (4): 389–91. doi:10.1097/00000421-198208000-00007. PMID 7113961.
  10. Arsenau, J. C.; Wolter, J. M.; Kuperminc, M.; Ruckdeschel, J. C. (1983). "Anti–inflammatory agents III: Structure–activity relationships of brusatol and related quassinoids". Invest. New Drugs. 1: 239.
  11. "Quassinoid". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI).
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