Pyura praeputialis

Pyura praeputialis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Ascidiacea
Order:	Pleurogona
Suborder:	Stolidobranchia
Family:	Pyuridae
Genus:	Pyura
Species:	P. praeputialis
Binomial name
	Pyura praeputialis; (Heller, 1878)[1]

Pyura praeputialis is an intertidal and shallow water species of tunicate. It is one of three species of "cunjevoi" in Australasia (the other two being the yellow cunjevoi P. dalbyi and the doppelganger cunjevoi P. doppelgangera). It is the first reported species of marine organism to create a "foam-nest" for its larvae.[2]

Distribution

Pyura praeputialis is common in coastal areas of the Australian mainland and ranges from southern Queensland to Cape Otway in Victoria. It is a non-indigenous species in Antofagasta, Chile.[3]

This species is an ecosystem engineer that can drastically alter habitats by overgrowing other sessile marine invertebrates. This makes it a likely problem species when introduced to new habitats. However, the positive impacts it can have are shelter for juveniles that are being hunted, protection from desiccation, beneficial interactions between organisms, and coexistence of other species. [4]

Taxonomy

This species is part of the "P. stolonifera species complex", a group of large tunicates that are all often referred to as P. stolonifera (a species endemic to temperate southern Africa).[3] It is also sometimes called "P. stolonifera praeputialis". Compared to other species in the species complex that have onion-shaped bodies, P. praeputialis is taller, cylindrical in shape and often has a greater diameter at the top than at the base.[3]

A dense aggregation of Pyura praeputialis on a rock platform in Balmoral, Sydney Harbour

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References

WoRMS (2012). "Pyura praeputialis (Heller, 1878)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
Castilla, Juan Carlos; et al. (2007). "Bio-foam enhances larval retention in a free-spawning marine tunicate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (46): 18120–18122. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708233104. PMC 2084306. PMID 17984045.
Rius, M.; Teske, P.R. (2011). "A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2754: 27–40.
Castilla, J. C., Lagos, N. A., & Cerda, M. (2004). Marine ecosystem engineering by the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis on a mid-intertidal rocky shore. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 268, 119-130.

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[WoRMS-1] WoRMS (2012). "Pyura praeputialis (Heller, 1878)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-04-18.

[Castilla07-2] Castilla, Juan Carlos; et al. (2007). "Bio-foam enhances larval retention in a free-spawning marine tunicate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (46): 18120–18122. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708233104. PMC 2084306. PMID 17984045.

[Rius&Teske2011-3] Rius, M.; Teske, P.R. (2011). "A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2754: 27–40.

[4] Castilla, J. C., Lagos, N. A., & Cerda, M. (2004). Marine ecosystem engineering by the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis on a mid-intertidal rocky shore. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 268, 119-130.