Pyridinium perbromide

Pyridinium perbromide (also called pyridinium bromide perbromide, pyridine hydrobromide perbromide, or pyridinium tribromide) is an organic chemical composed of a pyridinium cation and a tribromide anion. It can also be considered as a complex containing pyridinium bromide—the salt of pyridine and hydrogen bromide—with an added bromine (Br2). The chemical is a solid whose reactivity is similar to that of bromine. It is thus a strong oxidizing agent used as a source of electrophilic bromine in halogenation reactions.[1] The analogous quinoline compound behaves similarly.[2]

Pyridinium perbromide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.049.479
UNII
Properties
C5H6Br3N
Molar mass 319.822 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Preparation

Pyridinium tribromide can be obtained by reacting pyridinium hydrobromide with bromine or thionyl bromide.[3]

Properties

Pyridinium tribromide is a crystalline red solid[1] which is virtually insoluble in water.[4]

Use

Pyridinium tribromide is used as a brominating agent of ketones, phenols, and ethers.[4] As a stable solid, it can be more easily handled and weighed precisely, especially important properties for use in small scale reactions. One example from the original publications on this chemical is the bromination of the 3-ketosteroid 1 to 2,4-dibromocholestanone (2):[1]

Bromination of a 3-Ketosteroid.
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References
  1. Djerassi, Carl; Caesar R. Scholz (January 1948). "Brominations with Pyridine Hydrobromide Perbromide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 70 (1): 417–418. doi:10.1021/ja01181a508. PMID 18918843.
  2. Smalley, Robert K. (2009). "3. Haloquinolines". In Jones, Gurnos (ed.). The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Quinolines. Wiley. p. 615.
  3. Houben-Weyl Methods of Organic Chemistry (in German). 4: Bromine and Iodine Compounds (4th ed.). Georg Thieme Verlag. 2014. p. 35. ISBN 978-3-13-180014-5.
  4. Pyridine hydrobromide perbromide, tech. 90% data sheet from AlfaAesar, accessed August 13 2017.
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