Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger

Publius Quinctilius Varus Minor (Minor Latin for the younger) was an Roman senator who lived in the 1st century.

Quinctilius Varus
Quinctilius Varus from Guillaume Rouillé's Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
Born4 AD
Died27 AD (aged 22-23)
Other namesPublius Quinctilius Varus the Younger,[1] Varus the Younger,[1] Publius Quinctilius Varus filius[2] and Quinctilius Varus[3]

Family background

Varus was a member of the gens, Quinctilia. He was the only child born to the Roman general and politician Publius Quinctilius Varus from his third wife Claudia Pulchra.[1] Through his mother, Varus was a cousin to the future Roman empress Valeria Messalina.[3] Claudia Pulchra was the sister of Messallina's father, the short-lived Marcus Valerius Messala Barbatus (died ca. AD 20). Messallina had no brothers, but did have a younger half-brother Faustus Cornelius Sulla. Varus the younger was a generation removed from the children of Messalina, Claudia Octavia and Britannicus.

Biography

Early life

Varus was born in Rome in the year 4 and was raised in the city. In late AD 6 or 7, his father was appointed to govern and organize the newly conquered Germania Inferior across the Rhine. But in September of the year 9, due to his defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Varus the Elder committed suicide.[4] After the death of his father, his mother never remarried and in 26, Pulchra died in exile as a victim of the treason trials of Sejanus.[5] Varus became wealthy through his parent’s inheritance.[6]

Victim of Treason Trials of Sejanus

In the year 27, Varus became another victim from the treason trials of the Palace Guardsman Sejanus.[1] It is not known what Varus was charged with nor to what degree it was provoked;[7] the charge may have been treason or maiestas.[8] His accusers were the celebrated orator Domitius Afer and his cousin Publius Cornelius Dolabella.[7] The outcome of the case is unknown as there is no further mention in the sources. The absence of his family from history leads some experts to conclude he was later condemned or committed suicide.[9] However, a passage from the Seneca the Elder suggests that Varus may have been acquitted from his trial: Seneca writes that Varus had somewhat a successful legal career, despite Lucius Cestius Pius taunting Varus with his father’s defeat in the Teutoburg Forest.[10]

Personal life and issue

Varus was betrothed to his maternal distant cousin Julia Livilla, one of the daughters of Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus, although they did not marry.[11] Varus married a noblewoman called Plautia Laterana, by whom he had a daughter called Quinctilia.[12]

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References
  1. Abdale, Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg, p. 65
  2. McNally, Teutoburg Forest, AD: 9 The Destruction of Varus and His Legions, p. 41
  3. Barrett, Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire, p. 78
  4. The correct references here are the Roman authorities: Velleius Paterculus 2.117-24; Florus 2.30; Dio 56.18-24, not a modern author like Abdale, Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg, p. 65
  5. Better to cite Tacitus Annales 4.52, 66 than Abdale, Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg, p. 65
  6. Tacitus, Annales, 4.66.
  7. Seager, Tiberius, p. 173
  8. Barrett, Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire, p. 36
  9. Seager, Tiberius, p. 173; see also Steven H. Rutledge, Imperial Inquisitions: Prosecutors and Informants from Tiberius to Domitian (London: Routledge, 2001), pp. 143-44 for discussion.
  10. Seneca, Controversiae, i. 3, 10
  11. Barrett, Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire
  12. Settipani, Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale, pp. 72, 223

Sources
  • J. R. Abdale, Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg (Google eBook), Trafford Publishing, 2013
  • M. McNally, Teutoburg Forest, AD: 9 The Destruction of Varus and His Legions, Osprey Publishing, 2011
  • R. Seager, Tiberius (Google eBook), John Wiley & Sons, 2008
  • C. Settipani, Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale, 2000
  • A. Barrett, Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire, Yale University Press, 1998
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