Pseudomyrmex
Pseudomyrmex is a genus of stinging, wasp-like ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World.
| Pseudomyrmex | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pseudomyrmex gracilis (elongate twig ant) worker | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Pseudomyrmecinae |
| Tribe: | Pseudomyrmecini |
| Genus: | Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831 |
| Type species | |
| Formica gracilis[1] Fabricius, 1804 | |
| Diversity[2] | |
| 146 species | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
|
Apedunculata Enzmann, 1944 | |
Distribution and habitat
Pseudomyrmex is predominantly Neotropical in distribution, but a few species are known from the Nearctic region.[4] Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, Pseudomyrmex pallidus may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of herbaceous plants, and in dead, woody twigs.[4] However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate mutualists with certain species of Acacia.[5] Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example Pseudomyrmex triplarinus is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus Triplaris.[6][7]
Species
See List of Pseudomyrmex species.
- Pseudomyrmex acanthobius (Emery, 1896)
- Pseudomyrmex adustus (Borgmeier, 1929)
- Pseudomyrmex alternans (Santschi, 1936)
- Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961
- Pseudomyrmex antiguanus (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex antiquus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953
- Pseudomyrmex atripes (Smith, 1860)
- Pseudomyrmex avitus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex baros Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935)
- Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863)
- Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967
- Pseudomyrmex brunneus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex caeciliae (Forel, 1913)
- Pseudomyrmex championi (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex cladoicus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex colei (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex concolor (Smith, 1860)
- Pseudomyrmex coronatus (Wheeler, 1942)
- Pseudomyrmex coruscus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel, 1901)
- Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex denticollis (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex depressus (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex distinctus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex duckei (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex eduardi (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex elongatulus (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- Pseudomyrmex elongatus (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex endophytus (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex euryblemma (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex excisus (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex extinctus (Carpenter, 1930)
- Pseudomyrmex faber (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex fervidus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi (Forel, 1908)
- Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex flavicornis (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex flavidulus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex gebellii (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Forel, 1908)
- Pseudomyrmex godmani (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex goeldii (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex haytianus (Forel, 1901)
- Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex holmgreni (Wheeler, 1925)
- Pseudomyrmex incurrens (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex laevifrons Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex laevigatus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex laevivertex (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985
- Pseudomyrmex lynceus (Spinola, 1851)
- Pseudomyrmex macrops Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex maculatus (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex major (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex malignus (Wheeler, 1921)
- Pseudomyrmex mandibularis (Spinola, 1851)
- Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex monochrous (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- Pseudomyrmex nexilis Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex niger (Donisthorpe, 1940)
- Pseudomyrmex nigrescens (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex oculatus (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex oki (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex opacior (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex oryctus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex osurus (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex pallens (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex pazosi (Santschi, 1909)
- Pseudomyrmex peperi (Forel, 1913)
- Pseudomyrmex perboscii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
- Pseudomyrmex peruvianus (Wheeler, 1925)
- Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex pictus (Stitz, 1913)
- Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex prioris Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex pupa (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex reconditus Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex rochai (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex rufiventris (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex rufomedius (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex salvini (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex santschii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex satanicus (Wheeler, 1942)
- †Pseudomyrmex saxulum LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
- Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Forel, 1901)
- Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985
- Pseudomyrmex sericeus (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958
- Pseudomyrmex solisi (Santschi, 1916)
- Pseudomyrmex spiculus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex squamifer (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex subater (Wheeler, 1914)
- Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex succinus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus (Emery, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex terminalis (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex thecolor Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex triplaridis (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex triplarinus (Weddell, 1850)
- Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex urbanus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex veneficus (Wheeler, 1942)
- Pseudomyrmex venustus (Smith, 1858)
- †Pseudomyrmex vicinus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex voytowskii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex weberi (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex wheeleri (Enzmann, 1944)
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References
- "Genus: Pseudomyrmex". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- Bolton, B. (2014). "Pseudomyrmex". AntCat. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- Ward, P. S. (1990). "The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids". Systematic Entomology. 15 (4): 449–489. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x.
- Phillip S. Ward (1985). "The Neartic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 21: 209–246.
- Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408
- Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Acta Oecologica 32(1) 112–18.
- Ward, Philip S. (1 August 1999). "Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126 (4): 451–540. doi:10.1006/zjls.1998.0158.
External links
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