Pseudis tocantins

Pseudis tocantins
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Hylidae
Genus:	Pseudis
Species:	P. tocantins
Binomial name
	Pseudis tocantins; Caramaschi and Cruz, 1998[2]

Pseudis tocantins is a species of aquatic frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to central Brazil[1][3] and occurs in the eponymous state of Tocantins,[2] as well as in Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Maranhão states,[3] in the Tocantins and Araguaia River basins.[1]

Description

Adult females measure 36–38 mm (1.4–1.5 in) in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is robust. The head is longer than it is wide and the snout is rounded. The tympanum is distinct, elliptical in shape. The eyes are big. The toes are fully webbed. Skin is mostly smooth. Preserved specimens are dorsally brown with darker markings.[2]

Habitat and conservation

Pseudis tocantins is an aquatic frog found in permanent ponds, lakes and swamps. Breeding takes place in these same habitats. It is a common species, but it is threatened by expanding agriculture, overgrazing, infrastructure development (both expanding human settlements and dams), and water pollution.[1] Indeed, the type locality has probably already been decimated by dam construction.[4] Nevertheless, this species is present in several protected areas.[1]

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References

Caramaschi, U.; Gonçalves da Cruz, C.A. & Silvano, D. (2004). "Pseudis tocantins". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T55905A11386272. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55905A11386272.en.
Caramaschi, Ulisses & Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da (December 1998). "Notas taxonômicas sobre Pseudis fusca Garman e P. bolbodactyla A. Lutz, com a descrição de uma nova espécie correlata (Anura, Pseudidae)" [Taxonomic notes on Pseudis fusca Garman and P. bolbodactyla A. Lutz, with description of a new correlated species (Anura, Pseudidae)]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia (in Portuguese). 15 (4): 929–944. doi:10.1590/S0101-81751998000400011.
Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Pseudis tocantins Caramaschi and Cruz, 1998". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
Brandão, R. A.; Colli, G. R.; Peres, Jr., A. K. & Abreu, T. L. (2003). "Two new records of Pseudis tocantins Caramaschi and Cruz 1998 (Anura, Pseudidae) in central Brazil" (PDF). Phyllomedusa. 2 (1): 69–70.

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[IUCN-1] Caramaschi, U.; Gonçalves da Cruz, C.A. & Silvano, D. (2004). "Pseudis tocantins". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T55905A11386272. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55905A11386272.en.

[Caramaschi_and_Cruz_1998-2] Caramaschi, Ulisses & Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da (December 1998). "Notas taxonômicas sobre Pseudis fusca Garman e P. bolbodactyla A. Lutz, com a descrição de uma nova espécie correlata (Anura, Pseudidae)" [Taxonomic notes on Pseudis fusca Garman and P. bolbodactyla A. Lutz, with description of a new correlated species (Anura, Pseudidae)]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia (in Portuguese). 15 (4): 929–944. doi:10.1590/S0101-81751998000400011.

[Frost-3] Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Pseudis tocantins Caramaschi and Cruz, 1998". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 April 2019.

[Brandão_et_al._2003-4] Brandão, R. A.; Colli, G. R.; Peres, Jr., A. K. & Abreu, T. L. (2003). "Two new records of Pseudis tocantins Caramaschi and Cruz 1998 (Anura, Pseudidae) in central Brazil" (PDF). Phyllomedusa. 2 (1): 69–70.