Pristimantis memorans

Pristimantis memorans is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Sierra Tapirapecó in the Amazonas state of Venezuela (the type locality) as well as in the adjacent Amazonas state of Brazil (where the range is known as Serra do Tapirapecó).[2][4] The specific name memorans is derived from the present participle of the Latin memoro (="to relate or recount something") and refers to an airplane crash that the expedition witnessed in the jungle below the campsite.[3]

Pristimantis memorans

Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Genus: Pristimantis
Species:
P. memorans
Binomial name
Pristimantis memorans
(Myers and Donnelly, 1997)
Synonyms[2]

Eleutherodactylus memorans Myers and Donnelly, 1997[3]

Description

Adult males measure 19–23 mm (0.75–0.91 in) and females 31–32 mm (1.2–1.3 in) in snout–vent length. The head is narrower than the body (more so in females) and longer than it is wide. The snout is rounded or bluntly pointed in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view. The tympanum is distinct and vertically elongated. The fingers and toes have terminal discs but no webbing. Skin on the dorsum is tubercular. Ground color is usually brown, but individuals were reddish or orangish or even dark greenish brown. There are vague, black markings, including a bar between the eyes, and in many individuals, a W-shaped mark behind the head. Some specimens may have scattered, small, pale yellow spots. The ventrum is gray, sometimes with pale spots.[3]

Males have a large subgular vocal sac. The male advertisement call consists of 1–4 loud "tinks". Males seem to answer their neighbors' calls with similar calls, that is, two-note call would trigger a two-note call. The dominant frequency is 2480–2760 Hz.[3]

Habitat and conservation

The species' natural habitats are montane forests[1] at elevations of 350–1,270 m (1,150–4,170 ft) above sea level.[4] Individuals have been found in dense ridge-top forest where males were calling both day and night, in low vegetation in a stream-side forest at night,[3] and on the ground in a forest bordering a river.[4] Calling activity suggested an abundant population at the ridge-top site, even though individuals were difficult to locate.[3] Development is direct, without free-living larval stage.[1]

No major threats to this species are known. It occurs in the Parima Tapirapecó National Park, Venezuela.[1]

Records of Pristimantis memorans near the border between Venezuela and Brazil.
gollark: > Modern SIM cards allow applications to load when the SIM is in use by the subscriber. These applications communicate with the handset or a server using SIM Application Toolkit, which was initially specified by 3GPP in TS 11.14. (There is an identical ETSI specification with different numbering.) ETSI and 3GPP maintain the SIM specifications. The main specifications are: ETSI TS 102 223 (the toolkit for smartcards), ETSI TS 102 241 (API), ETSI TS 102 588 (application invocation), and ETSI TS 131 111 (toolkit for more SIM-likes). SIM toolkit applications were initially written in native code using proprietary APIs. To provide interoperability of the applications, ETSI choose Java Card.[11] A multi-company collaboration called GlobalPlatform defines some extensions on the cards, with additional APIs and features like more cryptographic security and RFID contactless use added.[12]
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References
  1. Manzanilla, J. & La Marca, E. (2004). "Pristimantis memorans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T56758A11516759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56758A11516759.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Pristimantis memorans (Myers and Donnelly, 1997)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  3. Myers, C. W. & Donnelly, M. A. (1997). "A tepui herpetofauna on a granitic mountain (Tamacuari) in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil: Report from the Phipps Tapirapecó Expedition". American Museum Novitates. 3213: 1–71. hdl:2246/3610.
  4. Caramaschi, U. & de Niemeyer, H. (2005). "Geographic distribution: Eleutherodactylus memorans" (PDF). Herpetological Review. 36: 74.
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