Pristimantis caryophyllaceus

Pristimantis caryophyllaceus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama; records from Colombia prior to 2010 refer to Pristimantis educatoris.[2] However, taxonomy of Pristimantis caryophyllaceus and P. educatoris remain unsettled, and many sources continue to report Pristimantis caryophyllaceus from Colombia.[1][3][4][5]

Pristimantis caryophyllaceus

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Genus: Pristimantis
Species:
P. caryophyllaceus
Binomial name
Pristimantis caryophyllaceus
(Barbour, 1928)
Synonyms

Eleutherodactylus caryophyllaceus (Barbour, 1928)

Pristimantis caryophyllaceus is sometimes known as the La Loma robber frog,[1][2][4] after La Loma, its type locality on the trail between Chiriquicito and Boquete, in the Bocas del Toro Province of Panama.[2]

Description

Males grow to 24 mm (0.94 in) and females to 26 mm (1.0 in) in snout–vent length. Tympanum is not clearly visible. Dorsal colouration is highly variable: yellow, pinkish, brownish, greyish, or dark green. There are always distinct darker spots on the dorsal surface, in some individuals extending into dark crossbars. The ventral surface is white, sometimes with some dark pigmentation.[4]

Reproduction

Eggs are laid on leaves[1][4] or on the ground.[5] Females brood the eggs, covering them with their bodies.[1][4]

Habitat and conservation

The species' natural habitats are primary lowland moist and wet forest, premontane wet forests, and rainforests. They occur in the leaf-litter and low vegetation,[1] and also in bromeliads.[5] They are nocturnal.[5]

Pristimantis caryophyllaceus is threatened by habitat loss and possibly chytridiomycosis. It has disappeared from lowland areas of Costa Rica.[1]

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References
  1. Pounds, J.; Bolaños, F.; Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Chaves, G.; Savage, J.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q.; Castro, F.; Grant, T.; et al. (2008). "Pristimantis caryophyllaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T56497A11475825. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T56497A11475825.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Pristimantis caryophyllaceus (Barbour, 1928)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  3. Acosta-Galvis, A.R. (2015). "Pristimantis caryophyllaceus (Barbour, 1928)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.05.2015. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  4. "Pristimantis caryophyllaceus". Amphibians of Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  5. Luis Humberto Elizondo C.; Federico Bolaños V. (2011). "Pristimantis caryophyllaceus". Biodiversidad de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
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