Pre-1900 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons

The years before 1900 featured the pre-1900 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian tropical cyclone season has no bounds, but they tend to form between April and December, peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. Below are the most significant cyclones in the time period. Because much of the North Indian coastline is near sea level and prone to flooding, these cyclones can easily kill many with storm surge and flooding. These cyclones are among the deadliest on earth in terms of numbers killed.

North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
Pre-1900 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s

Before 18th century
  • 1582 - A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal.
  • 1584 - A tropical cyclone impacted Bangladesh with hurricane-force winds and killed over 2,00,000 people.
  • 1688 - A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal.
  • 1699 - A tropical cyclone impacted Kolkata and killed 60,000 people.
  • November 13 - 14, 1721 - A tropical cyclone impacted Madras.
  • October 7 - 12, 1737 - A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal and killed 300 000 people.[1]

18th century
  • December 1789 - A tropical cyclone impacted Coringa, India and killed 20,000.

Early 19th century
  • 1807 - A tropical cyclone impacted West Bengal and killed 90,000 people.
  • 1831 - An intense tropical cyclone impacted Odisha.[2]
  • 1833 - A tropical cyclone impacted West Bengal and killed around 50 000 people,[3]
  • November 25, 1839 - A tropical cyclone impacted Andrah Pradesh and killed around 300 000 people.
  • 1847 - A tropical cyclone impacted Bengal where it caused 75,000 deaths and 6000 cattle.[4]

Late 19th century

1864 Calcutta Cyclone
The 1864 Calcutta Cyclone

On October 5, a powerful cyclone hit near Calcutta, India, killing around 300,100 people.[5] The anemometer in the city was blown away during the cyclone. Over 100 brick homes and tens of thousands of tiled and straw huts were leveled. Most ships in the harbor (172 out of 195) were either damaged or destroyed.[6] The cyclone of 1864 destroyed the ports at Khejuri and Hijli.[7]

November 1867 Great Calcutta cyclone

The anemometer in the city was blown away during the cyclone. A lack of storm surge minimized the overall damage from this system.[6]

October 1874 Bengal cyclone

This severe cyclone killed 80,000 people and caused significant damage.[4]

October 1876 Backergunge cyclone

On October 31, a cyclone hit the Meghna River Delta area of India. The storm surge killed 100,000, and the disease after the storm killed another 100,000.

June 1885 Aden cyclone

A cyclone had formed near the Laccadive Islands on May 24, 555 kilometres (345 mi) west of southern India. The SS Mergui encountered the cyclone off the Horn of Africa, 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Socotra on June 1 and reported it stronger than the tropical cyclone which struck Calcutta in 1864. Just before midnight on the night of June 1, the Diomed reported winds of hurricane force and a pressure of 984 millibars (29.1 inHg). The ship Peshawar reported a westerly hurricane at the east end of the Gulf of Aden towards midnight on the night of June 2. At noon on June 3, the Tantallon reported a pressure of 943 millibars (27.8 inHg) near 12.5N 45.5E. On June 3, the German corvette Augusta, the French dispatch boat Renard, and the British ship SS Speke Hall were lost in the storm in the Gulf of Aden. The system continued westward and shrank in scale as it moved into the entrance of the Red Sea, crossing the coast of Djibouti.[8]

1885 Odisha cyclone

An intense cyclone struck Odisha.[2] it killed one person.

1890s

June 1890 Muscat cyclone

This system formed off the west coast of India during the first week of June and moved northwest towards the Arabian peninsula. Approaching the Gulf of Oman, strong winds and heavy rains affected Sur during the afternoon on June 4. Rain spread west that evening towards Muscat, where winds increased to hurricane-force from the north-northeast early on June 5. The eye of the storm made landfall at Sohar at dusk on June 5, eventually dissipating well inland. Heavy rains fell at the hospital in Muscat, where 11.24 inches (285 mm) were recorded. This led to flooding which took several hundred lives. Several thousand date trees were uprooted by the storm's winds and carried away by its floods. Several homes were leveled in Muscat and Mutrah. Fifty perished from downing near the coast or being buried by debris. Overall, 727 people lost their lives.[8]

1891 season
  • May 19 - 27, 1891 - A shallow depression developed over the Bay of Bengal to the northeast of Sri Lanka. Over the next few days, the system moved northwards and brought the south-west monsoon over Burma and the Bay of Bengal, before it dissipated off the coast of Ganjam during May 27.[9]
  • July 24 - 30, 1891 - During July 24, a moderate cyclonic storm formed over the Bay of Bengal, near the mouth of the Hooghly River. Over the next few days, the system moved north-westwards

1895 Odisha cyclone

An intense cyclone struck Odisha.[2]

1895 Balochistan cyclone

In 1895, a cyclonic storm hit the Makran coast in Balochistan province in modern-day Pakistan.[10]

gollark: Just Capitalize Every Word, It's Consistent And Easy.
gollark: "Behold, a being from planet Round."
gollark: At least we have a non-generic species name.
gollark: Petition to rename Earth to Planetland.
gollark: The quick brown Fox jumped over the lazy Dog.

See also

References
  1. "Historical records of 12 most devastating cyclones, which formed in the Bay of Bengal and made landfall on the East coast of India". National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project. Archived from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  2. P. Chittibabu; S. K. Dube; J. B. Macnabb; T. S. Murty; A. D. Rao; U. C. Mohanty; P. C. Sinha (February 2004). "Mitigation of Flooding and Cyclone Hazard in Orissa, India". Natural Hazards. 31 (2): 455–485. doi:10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000023362.26409.22. ISSN 0921-030X.
  3. Longshore, David (2010-05-12). Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition. ISBN 9781438118796.
  4. Dipankar C. Patnaik & N. Sivagnanam (November 2007). "DISASTER VULNERABILITY OF COASTAL STATES: A Short Case Study of Orissa, India". Social Science Research Network: 4. SSRN 1074845. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Gastrell, J. E.; Henry F. Blanford (1866). Report On The Calcutta Cyclone Of The 5th October 1864. Calcutta: Government Of Bengal. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  6. "Calcutta". 1902 Encyclopedia. 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  7. "Cyclones and floods at Contai (page 4)". contai.info. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
  8. David Membery (July 2002). "Monsoon Tropical Cyclones: Part 2". Weather. Royal Meteorological Society. 57 (7): 247–255. Bibcode:2002Wthr...57..246M. doi:10.1256/004316502760195911.
  9. India Weather Review Annual Summary 1891 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. 1892. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  10. Indian Weather Man (IWM): Cyclone History for Karachi

General references
  • "Cyclone, Hurricane, White squall, Typhoon.". The Cyclopaedia of Indian And Of Eastern And Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific, 3rd Edition. I. London: Bernard Quaritch. 1885. pp. 866–868. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.