Pirivena

A pirivena (plural: piriven) is a monastic college for the education of monks in Sri Lanka. In ancient time, they were also centers of secondary and higher education for lay people. As of 2018, 753 piriven have been founded and maintained by the Ministry of Education.[1] Young monks undergo training at these piriven prior to their ordination.

History

Ancient

By 100 CE, a pirivena represented one of the highest levels of education in Sinhalese communities, and was the most common centralized educational institution on the island. Prior to this, an education was historically reserved for people attached to the religious establishment, and it would have then been the jobs of these people to traverse the villages and teach skills to the lay people, and therefore the vast majority of the island's people historically did not attend any formal educational institution. The Buddhist doctrine however prefers that lay people are also educated, and unlike the institutions in mainland India, the pirivena would have been attended by lay people as well.[2][3]

The term is derived from the Pali word for 'living quarters', referring to how these institutions were aimed at teaching priests and monks on the island. It is mostly unique to Sri Lanka but similar to universities found in mainland India.[4]

The Mahavihara and Abhayagirivihara, commissioned through royal patronage from around 300 BCE, were among the first educational institutions to adopt this system of education.[3]

Colonialism

The first European colonialists arrived on the shores of the island in 1505, with the Portuguese, the first to successfully conquer the island, being quite driven to spread Christianity. They succeeded in converting King Dharmapala, who consequently stopped state funding for these non-Christian schools. The pirivena education system saw a rapid decline in Sri Lanka’s coastal areas, but the system continued to flourish in the central Kandy kingdom until the British era.[5]

Structure

The Mulika level offers five years of education and is the most basic level of education. The students are taught six subjects; Pali, Sanskrit, Sinhala, English, Tipitaka studies and mathematics. This is followed by a final examination that can be used to advance to the next level.[3]

The Maha level offers higher education, allowing students to enter a variety of subjects including philosophy, the history of religions, linguistics, Ayurveda, and astrology.[3]

The Vidyayathana level offers the highest level of education and it similar to the university-level. Two major universities in Colombo, the University of Kelaniya and University of Sri Jayewardenepura, are actually piriven vidyayathana renamed.[3]

Notable examples
gollark: The new release ones?
gollark: I wonder whether anyone's ever gotten an `ioctl` code.
gollark: LoyRd?
gollark: Presumably if the ones for the day are generated then, it'd just mean a bit of lag then.
gollark: Would it actually produce an observable difference though?

See also

References
  1. "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Ministry of Finance, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 13 Sep 2018.
  2. roar.media https://roar.media/english/life/sponsored/the-evolution-of-education-in-sri-lanka/. Retrieved 2018-12-19. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. "The Pirivena System of Buddhist Education in Sri Lanka | Buddhistdoor". www.buddhistdoor.net. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  4. "The Pirivena System of Buddhist Education in Sri Lanka | Buddhistdoor". www.buddhistdoor.net. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  5. "The Pirivena System of Buddhist Education in Sri Lanka | Buddhistdoor". www.buddhistdoor.net. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  6. "History - Parama Dhamma Chethiya Pirivena". Parama Dhamma Chethiya Pirivena. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  7. "The Sunethra Devi Pirivena in Pepiliyana celebrated its 600th anniversary on Monday". Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 2010-06-21. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
  8. Weerasooriya, Nishan. "Amazing Sri Lanka : Heritage : Pepiliyana Sunethradevi Maha Pirivena". Amazinglanka.com. Retrieved 2011-01-05.

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