Pipe bursting

Pipe bursting is a trenchless method of replacing buried pipelines (such as sewer, water, or natural gas pipes) without the need for a traditional construction trench. "Launching and receiving pits" replace the trench needed by conventional pipe-laying.

Pipe replacement by pipe bursting

Equipment

There are five key pieces of equipment used in a pipebursting operation: the expander head, pulling rods, a pulling machine, a retaining device, and a hydraulic power pack.

Today's expander heads have a leading end much smaller in diameter than the trailing (bursting) end, small enough to fit through the pipe that will be replaced. The smaller leading end is designed to guide the expander head through the existing pipe; earlier models did not have this feature and lost course at times, resulting in incomplete pipe bursts and project failures.

The transition from the leading end to the trailing end can include "fins" that make first contact with the existing pipe. Using these fins as the primary breaking point is a very effective way to ensure that the pipe is broken along the entire circumference.

A machine is set in the receiving pit to pull the expander head and new pipe into the line. The head is pulled by heavy, interlocking links that form a chain. Each link weighs several hundred pounds.

All of the equipment used in a pipe bursting operation is powered by one or multiple hydraulic power generators.

Other applications

Pipe bursting may also be used to expand pipeline carrying capacity by replacing smaller pipes with larger ones, or "upsizing." Extensive proving work by the gas and water industries has demonstrated the feasibility of upsizing gas mains, water mains and sewers. Upsizing from 100mm to 225mm diameter is now well established, and pipes of up to 36 inch[1] diameter and greater have been replaced.

gollark: It doesn't look like it, though, as the code really only does much if an error occurs.
gollark: So I remembered recently that potatOS embeds some sort of stack trace thing based on one in MBS, and it might actually somehow be *that* doing this.
gollark: I'm not sure about infinitely, but IIRC there's no per-computer limit.
gollark: RAM use.
gollark: It seems like the problem is some somewhat broken optimization, where `pcall` somehow directly executes the real `getfenv`, ignorant of environments, if you have a function which only (or something like that?) calls a builtin. Or possibly not only builtins.

References
  1. LaMay, B. W.; Hutchinson, R. E.; Herrera, V. H. (2010). "Pipe Bursting Repair of the City of Tallahassee: Capital Circle 36-Inch Hobas Force Main". American Society of Civil Engineers. doi:10.1061/41138(386)41. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.