Pierre-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière

Pierre-Gustave-Gaspard Joly de Lotbinière[1] (born February 5, 1798 in Frauenfeld, Switzerland, died June 8, 1865 in Paris) was a French businessman and amateur daguerreotypist, born citizen of the Republic of Geneva[2], and married to a Canadian seigneuress. Famous for being the first to photograph the Acropolis of Athens and some ancient Egyptian monuments, he is also the father of Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, prime minister of Quebec from 1878 to 1879.

Pierre-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière

Julie Christine Chartier Joly de Lotbinière

Biography

Early life

Pierre-Gustave Joly was the son of Antoine Joly de Marval, merchant, and of Ursula Fehr de Brunner. Early in the 1800s, his family settled in Épernay in Champagne, where they specialized in wine trading. While the father and the eldest son, Moïse-Salomon, remained in Épernay, Pierre-Gustave travelled far and wide to find new buyers, first concentrating on Europe, including Germany, Poland, Russia and Sweden, eventually even crossing the Atlantic Ocean to visit the United States and Canada.

While there, he met and on December 17, 1828, married in Montreal Julie-Christine Chartier de Lotbinière, daughter of Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière 2nd Marquis de Lotbinière. The seigneury of Lotbinière near Quebec City was her dowry. After his wedding, he unofficially added "de Lotbinière" to his name. The couple spent the first two years of their marriage in Épernay, where in 1829 their first son, Henri-Gustave, was born, then lived from 1830 in Lotbinière. There, Joly managed his wife's possessions as well as his own investments in French Guiana and the Canadian railroad. He also sometimes travelled to France.

Traveller in Greece, Egypt and the Holy Land

In 1839, Joly was in Paris at the time when Louis Daguerre unveiled his early photographic process to the scientific world. Embarking on a trip to the Middle East, Pierre-Gustave acquired one of the first daguerreotype cameras from Noël Paymal Lerebours in order to make photographic records of the ancient monuments he was about to see on his journey. He travelled via Malta to Greece, where he visited Athens and other places, and then carried on to Alexandria. There, he met the painter Horace Vernet and his nephew, Frédéric Goupil-Fesquet, who were also carrying daguerreotype equipment. The three men undertook some excursions in Egypt together before parting company. Joli then travelled to the Holy Land, Syria and Turkey. Back in Paris, five of his 92 plates were published by Lerebours in his book Excursions daguerriennes (1840–41), others by architect Hector Horeau for his book Panorama from Egypt and Nubia (1841). Due to technological restrictions, the daguerreotypes themselves could not be reproduced and, instead, were copied as engravings which could then be printed. None of Joly's original plates has been identified, and they may well be lost. What they contained is known through his diary which has been published in 2011.[3]

Later life

He returned to his family in Quebec and is not known to ever taking any further photographs after this trip. Instead, Joly built a summer estate at Pointe-Platon near Sainte-Croix. Known today as Domaine Joly-De Lotbinière,[4] the estate has been entered in the register of Canada's Historic Places.[5]

In 1861, after 33 years of marriage, Joly separated from his wife who, in the previous year, had signed over the seigneury of Lotbinière to their eldest son Henri-Gustave. Joly went back to Paris where he died in 1865 and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery. His wife died in Quebec, October 24, 1887, having survived her husband for many years, aged 77 and her remains was buried at Vaudreuil.[6]

Children

The couple had three children, one daughter and two sons.

His son, Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière assumed his mother's name by Act of Parliament, 1888. He entered public life, and was created a K.C.M.G. by Queen Victoria, 1895. He served as Premier of Quebec and Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.

His daughter Amelie Joly married Captain H.G. Savage, R.E., and their daughter became the Vicomtesse de Coux.

His son Edmond Joly, entered the army, being gazetted to the 32nd Regiment. While on sick leave, he volunteered for service in the Crimea, and was present with the Connaught Rangers at the taking of Sebastopol. In 1857 he left for India, to rejoin his old regiment. Edmond Joly was with the Connaught Rangers at the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), but was killed at the Siege of Lucknow September 25, 1857.[6]

Images

• 
  The Propylaea, Athens, in October, 1839
• 
  The Parthenon, Athens, in October, 1839
• 
  The Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens, in October, 1839
• 
  Trajan's Kiosk, Philae, in December, 1839
• 
  Bab al-Saghir cemetery, Damascus, in March, 1840

References

1. Sequence of first names according to Bibliothèque et Archives nationales Québec.
2. Joly, Pierre-Gaspard-Gustave (de Lotbinière), in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
3. Pierre-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, Voyage en Orient (1839-1840). Journal d'un voyageur curieux du monde et d'un pionnier de la daguerréotypie, transcribed by Georges Aubin and Renée Blanchet, annotated by Jacques Desautels, Presses de l'Université Laval 2011.
4. Official website.
5. Canada's Historic Places.
6. Morgan, Henry James, ed. (1903). Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada. Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 180.

Other sources

• Eleanor Brown, The world's first daguerreotype images : Canadian travel photographer Pierre Gustave Gaspard Joly de Lotbinière, in The Archivist n°118, November 1999, pp. 22–29.
• Hazen Sise, The Seigneur of Lotbinière - His "Excursions daguerriennes", Canadian Art, 1951, Vol. IX, no 1.
• Leclerc, Hélène (2002). Fides (ed.). Domaine Joly-De Lotibnière. ISBN 978-2-7621-2356-2.

See also