Phylloporus rhodoxanthus

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, commonly known as the gilled bolete,[1] is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. As suggested by its common name, the distinctive feature of this species is its yellow gills—an unusual feature on a bolete mushroom.

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Boletales
Family:
Boletaceae
Genus:
Phylloporus
Species:
P. rhodoxanthus
Binomial name
Phylloporus rhodoxanthus
(Schwein.) Bres. (1900)
Synonyms

Agaricus rhodoxanthus Schwein. (1822)

Taxonomy

The species was first described as Agaricus rhodoxanthus by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1822.[2] Giacomo Bresadola transferred it to Phylloporus in 1900.[3]

Description
The deep yellow gills are well spaced.

The cap is initially convex before flattening out in age, sometimes developing a central depression; it attains a diameter of 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in). The cap margin is initially curved inward. The cap surface is dry, with a somewhat velvet-like texture, and often develops cracks in maturity that reveal the pale yellow flesh underneath. Its color ranges from dull red to reddish brown, to reddish yellow, or olive brown. The flesh has no distinct taste or odor.The gills are decurrent to somewhat decurrent, and well-spaced. They are deep yellow to greenish-yellow, often wrinkled, and usually have cross-veins in the spaces between the gills; these cross-veins sometimes give the gills a somewhat pore-like appearance. The cylindrical stem measures 4–7.5 cm (1.6–3.0 in) long by 7.5 cm (3.0 in) thick, and is often tapered toward the base. The stem is firm and solid (i.e., not hollow), and yellow, with yellow mycelium at the base. It frequently has longitudinal grooves extending down from the gills.[4]

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus produces an olivaecous yellow-brown spore print. Spores are elliptical to spindle-shaped, smooth, and measure 9–14 by 3.5–5 um.[4]

Relatively similar in appearance to Phylloporus rhodoxanthus is P. leucomycelinus, and these two are frequently confused, especially since their distributions overlap. The latter species can be distinguished by the presence of white mycelium at the base of its stem.[5]

Uses

The mushrooms are edible, and considered good by some.[6][7] The flavor has been described as "tender and nutty", and drying the fruit bodies first enhances the flavor. Suitable culinary uses include sauteing, adding to sauces or stuffings, or raw as a colorful garnish.[7] They are used to make mushroom dyes of beige, greenish beige, or gold colors, depending on the mordant used.[8]

Habitat and distribution

The fruit bodies of Phylloporus rhodoxanthus grow on the ground singly or in small groups in deciduous forests, especially those with oak and pine.[4] The species has a wide distribution in North America, where it fruits from July to October.[9] It is also known from Asia (China,[10] India,[11] and Taiwan[12]), Australia,[13] and Europe.[14]

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See also

References
  1. Wood M, Stevens F. "California Fungi: Phylloporus rhodoxanthus". Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  2. von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris". Schriften der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Leipzig (in German). 1: 20–131 (see p. 83).
  3. Bresadola G. (1900). "Fungi Tridentini" (in Latin). 2 (1): 82–118. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. Roody WC. (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 150. ISBN 0-8131-9039-8.
  5. Neves MA, Binder M, Halling R, Hibbett D, Soytong K (2012). "The phylogeny of selected Phylloporus species, inferred from NUC-LSU and ITS sequences, and descriptions of new species from the Old World". Fungal Diversity. 55 (1): 109–23. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0154-0.
  6. Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
  7. Kuo M. (2007). 100 edible mushrooms. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. pp. 200–2. ISBN 0-472-03126-0.
  8. Bessette A, Bessette AR (2001). The Rainbow Beneath my Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 48. ISBN 0-8156-0680-X.
  9. Phillips R. (2005). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 253. ISBN 1-55407-115-1.
  10. Bin L, Dong YR, Hou WG, Tong LH, Yuan S (2007). "Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Jiangsu Province, China". Pedosphere. 17 (1): 30–5. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60004-6.
  11. Abraham SP. (1993). "Larger fungi from Kashmir-X". Indian Journal of Forestry. 16 (3): 204–13. ISSN 0250-524X.
  12. Yeh KW, Chen ZC (1980). "The boletes of Taiwan I". Taiwania. 25: 166–84. ISSN 0372-333X.
  13. Fuhrer B. (2005). A Field Guide to Australian Fungi. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. p. 139; 185. ISBN 1-876473-51-7.
  14. Jordan M. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe. London, UK: Frances Lincoln. p. 346. ISBN 0-7112-2378-5.
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