Phloretic acid

Phloretic acid
Names
	IUPAC name 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
	Other names 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid; Desaminotyrosine; Hydro-p-coumaric acid; Phloretate
Identifiers
CAS Number	501-97-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32980;
ChemSpider	9965;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.211
EC Number	207-931-3;
KEGG	C01744;
MeSH	C008869
PubChem CID	10394;
UNII	6QNC6P18SR ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2075427 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12/h1-2,4-5,10H,3,6H2,(H,11,12) Key: NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N; InChI=1/C9H10O3/c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12/h1-2,4-5,10H,3,6H2,(H,11,12) Key: NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYAT;
	SMILES C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(=O)O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C9H10O3
Molar mass	166.176 g·mol−1
Melting point	129 °C (264 °F; 402 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	Infobox references

Phloretic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC₆H₄(CH₂)₂CO₂H. It is a white solid. The compound contains both phenol and carboxylic acid functional groups. It is sometimes called Desaminotyrosine (DAT) because it is identical to the common alpha amino acid tyrosine except for the absence of the amino functional group on the alpha carbon.

Production and occurrence

Phloretic acid is produced by reduction of the unsaturated side chain of p-coumaric acid. Together with phloroglucinol, it is produced by the action of the enzyme phloretin hydrolase on phloretin.

It is found in olives.[1] It is found in the rumen of sheep fed with dried grass.[2] It is also an urinary metabolite of tyrosine in rats.[3]

Polyesters have been prepared from phloretic acid.[4]

It is one of the products of flavonoid metabolism performed by the bacterium Clostridium orbiscindens, a resident of some human guts. [5]

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References

Owen, R.W; Haubner, R.; Mier, W.; Giacosa, A.; Hull, W.E; Spiegelhalder, B.; Bartsch, H. (2003). "Isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidant potential of the major phenolic and flavonoid compounds in brined olive drupes". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 41 (5): 703–717. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00011-5. PMID 12659724.
Chesson, A; Stewart, CS; Wallace, RJ (1982). "Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 44 (3): 597–603. PMC 242064. PMID 16346090.
Booth AN, Masri MS, Robbins DJ, Emerson OH, Jones FT, Deeds F (1960). "Urinary phenolic acid metabolities of tyrosine". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 235 (9): 2649–2652.
Reina, Antonio; Gerken, Andreas; Zemann, Uwe; Kricheldorf, Hans R. (1999). "New polymer syntheses, 101. Liquid-crystalline hyperbranched and potentially biodegradable polyesters based on phloretic acid and gallic acid". Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 200 (7): 1784–1791. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19990701)200:7<1784::AID-MACP1784>3.0.CO;2-B.
Schoefer, Lilian; Mohan, Ruchika; Schwiertz, Andreas; Braune, Annett; Blaut, Michael (2003). "Anaerobic Degradation of Flavonoids by Clostridium orbiscindens". Appl Environ Microbiol. 69 (10): 5849–5854. doi:10.1128/AEM.69.10.5849-5854.2003. PMID 14532034.

External links

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[1] Owen, R.W; Haubner, R.; Mier, W.; Giacosa, A.; Hull, W.E; Spiegelhalder, B.; Bartsch, H. (2003). "Isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidant potential of the major phenolic and flavonoid compounds in brined olive drupes". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 41 (5): 703–717. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00011-5. PMID 12659724.

[2] Chesson, A; Stewart, CS; Wallace, RJ (1982). "Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 44 (3): 597–603. PMC 242064. PMID 16346090.

[3] Booth AN, Masri MS, Robbins DJ, Emerson OH, Jones FT, Deeds F (1960). "Urinary phenolic acid metabolities of tyrosine". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 235 (9): 2649–2652.

[4] Reina, Antonio; Gerken, Andreas; Zemann, Uwe; Kricheldorf, Hans R. (1999). "New polymer syntheses, 101. Liquid-crystalline hyperbranched and potentially biodegradable polyesters based on phloretic acid and gallic acid". Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 200 (7): 1784–1791. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19990701)200:7<1784::AID-MACP1784>3.0.CO;2-B.

[5] Schoefer, Lilian; Mohan, Ruchika; Schwiertz, Andreas; Braune, Annett; Blaut, Michael (2003). "Anaerobic Degradation of Flavonoids by Clostridium orbiscindens". Appl Environ Microbiol. 69 (10): 5849–5854. doi:10.1128/AEM.69.10.5849-5854.2003. PMID 14532034.