Philippe Pigouchet

Philippe Pigouchet (active 1488–1518)[1] was a French printer and wood engraver who worked for and closely with Simon Vostre, a book keeper and publisher who planned the idea to create the fourth Book of Hours.

Book of Hours, 1491, Biblioteca Trivulziana, Milan

Contribution

Philippe Pigouchet was known for printing incunabula Book of Hours. There are over 150 known works that he printed, of which 90 were Book of Hours.[2] The special technique of cursive used to produce classical texts in manuscripts was called Humanist Hand. This unique form of type letter is now known for as Italic or Aldine.[3] Also considered, both a printer and engraver, Pigouchet appears to have introduced the criblé technique, in which the black areas of a woodblock are punched with white dots, giving the page a lively tonality.[4] Beside the Horae, Pigouchet also printed the only known copy of the book of Hours for Sarum at Paris in 1494 for the Rouen bookseller Jean Richard. This is the earliest edition of the Hours printed outside the United Kingdom that survives in more than a few fragments, and is possibly the earliest French-printed edition on record.[5] Philipee Pigouchet's collaboration with Simon Vostre lasted for over 18 years, during which period the duo produced hundreds of Books of Hours for European readers. Their contribution immensely to the publishing of Book of Hours, a profession that, according to Sandra Hindman, brought out over 1,775 editions of Books of Hours between 1475 and 1600. Some works by Pigouchet and Vostre survive today. There are six bound copies in the possession of Princeton University. This includes 16 large metalcuts and numerous other illustrations made by the duo. A set of leaves and ten metalcuts from a 1496 edition are in The Graphic Arts Collection .

Horae

Influenced by German and Italian decorations, the book of hours was known for historical reasons with illustrations and prints based on calligraphy used by scribes of the fifteenth century. Pigouchet is known for illustrating one of the most remarkable prints for the book of hours that contained twenty-three large cuts and each of its 144 pages is surrounded by smaller borders filled with charming detailed ornaments.[6] Philippe Pigouchet and Simon Vostre assembled the book of hours for Cambrai and Besançon. Similar work by Antoine Vérard in Paris during 1508 was produced and printed for Chartres. Antoine was well known for being a part of a creative movement of biblical books.[7] Verard issued the first printed Book of Hours and the first to create the book a work of art. Dupre, who worked for Verard considered Pigouchet his formidable rival because of the beautifully printed works of the book of hours.[8] Such cradle-editions like the Horae was not printed for everyone. They were printed for collector's care of the wealthy. Gutenberg and Sweynheym, Aldus and D'Alopa, Vostre and Pigouchet and Caxton and De Worde were considered to be the greatest men in printing of the fifteenth century. The Book of Hours were printed on vellum or illustrated with color by hand and illuminated in gold and silver in the fashion of the more expensive manuscript.[1]

Examples of Work
  • Page from HORAE. Paris circa 1503, 7x4- Made out of metal cuts or wood by Philippe Pigouchet
  • Philippe Pigouchet, page/border from Horae Beatus Virginis Mariae (Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary), 1498
  • Two pages of Sarum Book of Hours, 1494 By Philippe Pigouchet
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References
  1. "Old Books and New". The Art Amateur. 16 (6): 142–144. 1 January 1887. JSTOR 25628571.
  2. Paris:Philippe Pigouchet, 20 Dec. 1499. "Horae ad usum Tellensem". Archived from the original on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2013-10-30.
  3. Zigrosser, Carl (1 January 1962). "The Philip S. Collins Collection of Mediaeval Illuminated Manuscripts". Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin. 58 (275): 3–34. doi:10.2307/3795060. JSTOR 3795060.
  4. Typography spreads from Germany. "Megg's History of Graphic Design".
  5. Smith, Robin Flower (1 January 1926). "A Sarum Book of Hours of 1494". The British Museum Quarterly. 1 (1): 25. doi:10.2307/4420730. JSTOR 4420730.
  6. Irvins, William M. (1 January 1917). "The Department of Prints: Accessions". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. 12 (5): 107–111. doi:10.2307/3253656. JSTOR 3253656.
  7. Walsby, Malcolm (2011-06-09). The Printed Book in Brittany, 1484–1600 (Library of the Written Word-the Handpress World Vol. 8). ISBN 978-9004204515.
  8. Dudley, Laura H. (1 January 1932). "Exhibition of Book Illustration of the Fifteenth Century". Bulletin of the Fogg Art Museum. 1 (2): 22–29. JSTOR 4300892.
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