Petunia integrifolia

Petunia integrifolia and Petunia violacea have both been known by the vernacular name of violet petunia[3] or violetflower petunia,[4] both being species of wild petunia with violet-colored blooms.[5][6] Petunia integrifolia is native to Argentina.[7] P. integrifolia bears flowers approximately 1.5 inch in diameter and the plant is typically smaller and harder to cultivate than the well-known hybrid bedding Petunia now known correctly as Petunia × atkinsiana.[8][9]

Petunia integrifolia
Illustration from Edwards's Botanical Register, 1833
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Petunia
Species:
P. integrifolia
Binomial name
Petunia integrifolia
Synonyms[2]
  • Nierembergia phoenicea D. Don
  • Nierembergia punicea Sendtn.
  • Petunia dichotoma Sendtn.
  • Petunia phoenicea D. Don ex Loudon
  • Petunia violacea Lindl.
  • Salpiglossis integrifolia Hook.
  • Stimoryne purpurea Raf.

Petunia integrifolia and P. violacea are two out of 21 accepted species of Petunia.[10]

Taxonomy

The species was first described as Salpiglossis integrifolia by William Jackson Hooker in 1831.[11] It was transferred to the genus Petunia as P. integrifolia by Hans Schinz and Albert Thellung in 1915.[12] Petunia violacea, described by John Lindley in 1833, was formerly considered a synonym, but is now held to belong to a different, accepted species . Petunia inflata has sometimes been considered to be part of the P. integrifolia species, but the two have different native ranges, with P. inflata growing in more northern areas.[13]

Hallucinogen

Petunia violacea Lindl. has been reported to be used as a hallucinogen in Ecuador, where the plant has the vernacular name shanín. The drug is said to cause sensations of levitation and flight - a type of hallucination often associated with the use of the more toxic hallucinogenic plants of the deliriant type e.g. the tropane-containing Atropa and Hyoscyamus - active constituents of the witches' flying ointments of Medieval and Early Modern Europe. [14] [15]

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References
  1. Nowick, Elaine (1 October 2014). Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants, Volume I: Common Names. Lincoln, NE: Lulu.com. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-60962-058-5.
  2. "Tropicos.org". Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  3. Nowick, Elaine (1 October 2014). Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants, Volume I: Common Names. Lincoln, NE: Lulu.com. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-60962-058-5.
  4. "Petunia integrifolia". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  5. ITIS on-line database (1996). "Petunia integrifolia". U.S. Geological Survey. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  6. Michelle Wishhart. "Petunia Violacea plants". Demand Media. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  7. "Heirloom Garden: What's Blooming in Autumn?". Smithsonian Gardens. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  8. Quentin Groom (2011). "Petunia integrifolia". Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  9. "Petunia (group)". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  10. The Plant List : Petunia http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Petunia Retrieved 00.38 on 16/3/19.
  11. William Jackson Hooker (1831), "Plate 3113 and two pages of descriptive text", Curtis's botanical magazine, Volume 5 (new series) = volume 58
  12. Hans Schinz (1915), "Petunia integrifolia in Mitteilungen aus dem botanischen Museum der Universität Zürich (LXXI.)", Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 60, p. 361
  13. Ando, T.; Ishikawa, N.; Watanabe, H.; Kokubun, H.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Hashimoto, G.; Marchesi, E.; Suárez, E. (2005), "A Morphological Study of the Petunia integrifolia Complex (Solanaceae)", Annals of Botany, 96 (5): 887–900, doi:10.1093/aob/mci241, PMC 4247055, PMID 16103037
  14. Schultes, Richard Evans Hallucinogenic Plants a Golden Guide, pub. Golden Press N.Y., 1976, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number : 74-21666, page 150.
  15. Haro, A., S. L. : "Shamanismo y farmacopea en el Reino de Quito". Inst. Ecuat. Cienc. Nat. Contr., No. 75 : Nov. 1971.
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