Petroșani

Petroșani (Romanian pronunciation: [petroˈʃanʲ]; German: Petroschen; Hungarian: Petrozsény) is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 34,331 (2011). The city has been associated with mining since the 19th century.

For the village in Constanța County, see Deleni, Constanța. For similarly named places, see Pietroșani.
Petroșani
Municipality
Coat of arms
Location in Hunedoara County
Petroșani
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 45°24′44″N 23°22′24″E
Country Romania
CountyHunedoara
Government
 • MayorTiberiu Iacob-Ridzi[1] (PNL)
Area
195.56 km2 (75.51 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
37,160
 • Density190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Vehicle reg.HD
Websitewww.petrosani.ro

History

"Pietros" means "stony, rocky" in Romanian. The city of Petroșani was founded in the 17th century (around 1640). In 1720, an Austrian cartographer mentions that the entire Jiu Valley was intensely populated and settlements could be seen from one end to the other.

During the 1818 census, Petroșani had 233 inhabitants, while the entire Valley counted 2,550. During this time, the main activity of the people was shepherding and no urban settlement had appeared yet.

Around 1840 coal surface mining began in Petroșani, Vulcan and Petrila.

The population experienced massive growth only in the 20th century during the communist regime, as many workers were brought in from other parts of the country.

As other cities from the Jiu Valley, throughout the second half of the 19th century and most of the 20th century, most activities in the city revolved around the mines. But after the fall of the communist regime, many mines were closed, and the city, just like the whole valley, was forced to diversify the economy. This has also led to a significant population decline: Petroșani is one of the Romanian cities which has experienced the fastest population loss from the 1990s onwards.[3]

Geography
Jiu Valley on the map of Romania. Petroșani is the largest city of the valley, a traditionally mining area

Petroșani is located in the Jiu Valley, which is the entrance to the Retezat National Park and provides access to the Vâlcan, Parâng and Retezat mountains. The city administers four villages: Dâlja Mare (Nagydilzsa), Dâlja Mică (Kisdilzsa), Peștera (Zsupinyászuvölgy) and Slătinioara (Szlatinova községrész).

Landmarks
  • Sfinții Arhangeli Church ("Holy Archangels Church"), built in the 18th century.
  • The "I. G. Duca" school, built in 1935
  • The Hungarian school - built in 1873 by Germans and inhabited by a group of 50 Catholic nuns from a monastery near Munich
  • The Old Theater, built in 1886
  • The Lutheran Church, built between 1892 and 1896
  • The Mining Museum, built in 1920
  • The actual Sports School building, built in 1919
  • The "I. D. Sîrbu" Theater Hall, built in 1905
  • The Justice Court building, built in 1910
  • The actual Students theater, built in 1922
  • The Unitarian Church, built between 1924 and 1928
  • The University of Petroșani, built in 1948
  • The Jiul Shopping Center, re-opened in December 2007 after renovation, initially built in the early 1980s

Social events

The following social events take place in Petroșani:

  • the Dramatic Theater offers a wide variety of performance every week
  • the annual international folklore festival
  • the Folk Music Festival Cântecul Adâncului... ("Song of the Deep")
  • artistic summer camps organized by the Petroșani University
  • art, numismatic and caricatures exhibitions
  • piano and violin recitals, offered by the Music School
  • the Petroșani Days festival, usually organized in autumn
  • the annual Underground Valley Graffiti Fest

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1930 15,405—    
1948 14,138−8.2%
1956 23,052+63.0%
1966 35,187+52.6%
1977 40,664+15.6%
1992 52,390+28.8%
2002 45,447−13.3%
2011 34,331−24.5%
Source: Census data

At the 2011 census, 90.59% of inhabitants were Romanians, 6.54% Hungarians, 1.82% Roma and 0.35% Germans. At the 2002 census, 83.3% were Romanian Orthodox, 7.2% Roman Catholic, 3.7% Reformed, 2.2% Pentecostal, 0.9% belonged to another religion and 0.8% Greek-Catholic.

Natives
  • Petroșani rail station (1867)
  • View of Petroșani cca. 1910
  • St. George wooden church in Sălătruc neighborhood (1788)
gollark: What?
gollark: - limited disruption, probably, as stuff can be split so stuff which really requires in-person access can be moved onto in-person days
gollark: ncurses.
gollark: - remote-learning stuff already battle-tested somewhat last academic year
gollark: - in-person school is going to be quite restrictive and not the same anyway

References
  1. "Results of the 2016 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  2. "Populaţia stabilă pe judeţe, municipii, oraşe şi localităti componenete la RPL_2011" (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  3. "Topul localitatilor cu cea mai dramatica scadere a populatiei". hotnews.ro. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
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