Pere Toshev

Petar (Pere) Toshev (Bulgarian: Петър (Пере) Тошев) (1865-1912) was a Bulgarian[1] revolutionary and activist of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. In North Macedonia he is considered an ethnic Macedonian revolutionary.

Tosev's plea for appointing a Bulgarian teacher sent to Joseph I of Bulgaria in 1901.

Pere Toshev
Bulgarian Revolutionary
Born1865
Prilep, Ottoman empire
DiedMay 4, 1912
Drenovo, Ottoman empire

Early life

Toshev was born in the town of Prilep, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He studied at the Bulgarian Exarchate's school in Prilep and the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki. Later Pere attended the Gymnazium in Plovdiv, capital of the recently created Eastern Rumelia. Here he joined the Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee founded in 1885. The original purpose of the committee was to gain autonomy for the region of Macedonia (then called Western Rumelia), but it played an important role in the organization of the Unification of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. During the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885, he joined the Bulgarian Army as a volunteer. During 1885-1890 Pere Toshev and Andrey Lyapchev organised a series of secret meetings in the villages around Plovdiv. They decided to organize a new Macedonian-Adrianople liberation organization. In 1890, they were on an intelligence touring through Macedonia.

Teacher and activist

In the period 1892–1893, Toshev worked as a Bulgarian Exarchate teacher together with Dame Gruev in Macedonia. After joining the IMARO, he became an activist. In 1900 Toshev conducted the ceremony inducting the members of the CC of the Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood, including Ivan Garvanov into the IMARO.[2] In 1901, Pere was exiled by the Ottoman authorities in Asia Minor. During the Ilinden Uprising in 1903, he led a detachment in the region of Mariovo. Toshev was killed by the Turks in Drenovo, near Kavadarci. He was a delegate at the Prilep Congress of IMARO in 1904. At the Rila Congress of IMARO in 1905 he was elected as a member of the CC of the Organization. In the massization of Serbian propaganda in Macedonia, Pere Toshev attempted to neutralize peacefully the Serbian bands in the area. After the capture of Dame Gruev by the Serbs he personally met Gligor Sokolović, and subsequently Dame Gruev was released. After Ivan Garvanov and Boris Sarafov's murder, he was briefly arrested as a suspected. After the Young Turk Revolution, Pere Toshev opposed the legalization of the Organization. Toshev, Anton Strashimirov and Gyorche Petrov published the newspapers "Konstitutsionna zarya" and "Edinstvo", close to the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section). In 1910-1911 he was a school inspector of the Bulgarian schools in the Salonica revolutionary district. He was murdered by the Turks in 1912.

Anastas Lozanchev wrote about him in his account of IMARO's founding in 1894: „Pere had clearly defined ideas, with defined views on the revolutionary struggles, which no one else at that time had. He was an old revolutionary; he had participated together with other Macedonian Bulgarians... in the unification of Northern and Southern Bulgaria.[3] “

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References
  1. Писмо на Пере Тошев до Екзарх Йосиф.
  2. The Politics of Terror: The MacEdonian Liberation Movements, 1893-1903, Duncan M. Perry, Duke University Press, 1988, ISBN 0822308134, p. 93.
  3. Илюстрация Илинден (Illustrated Ilinden), 1943, issue.143, p.1-3

Sources
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