Paraglaciecola polaris

Occurrence

Paraglaciecola polaris
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Kingdom:
Eubacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Gammaproteobacteria
Order:
Alteromonadales
Family:
Alteromonadaceae
Genus:
Paraglaciecola
Species:
P. polaris

(Van Trappen et al. 2004) Shivaji and Reddy 2014[1][2]
Binomial name
Paraglaciecola polaris
Type strain
ARK 150, CIP 108324, DSM 16457, LMG 21857, R-7215[3]
Synonyms

Glaciecola polaris[2]

Paraglaciecola polaris (Glaciecola polaris) is a strictly aerobic and facultative oligotrophic bacterium from the genus of Paraglaciecola which has been isolated from seawater from the Arctic Ocean.[2][1][4][5][6]

Structure

It is gram negative, rod shaped and motile with the distinct characteristics of budding and peritrichous prosthecae. Budding can occur on the surface of the cell and/or on the prosthecae. The presence of the branched prosthecae, has an increased surface to volume ratio, so that it can maximize nutrient uptake, due to the low nutrient availability in the polar seas. Lastly, G. polaris has a fatty acid profile similar to other genera to include Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Glaciecola[7].

Genetics

The 16S rRNA gene shows a 98% similarity to Glaciocola mesophila. It has a G+C content of 44.1 mol% and genome size of 5.24 Mb[8].

Metabolism

The Arctic species can be cultured on Marine agar and R2A agar with NaCl. It grows between 5ºC - 37ºC and up to 10% NaCl[6]. It is chemoheterotrophic and can utilize a number of nutrient sources including, but not limited to, glucose, mannitol, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, galactose, fructose, trehalose, mannose, acetate, glycogen, dextrin, lactate, propionate, glutamate, and malate In addition, it hydrolyzes egg yolk, starch, aesculin, and DNA, but does not reduce nitrate[6].

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References
  1. "Paraglaciecola". LPSN.
  2. "Paraglaciecola polaris". www.uniprot.org.
  3. "Paraglaciecola polaris Taxon Passport - StrainInfo". www.straininfo.net.
  4. Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (1 August 2008). "Taxonomic Abstract for the species". NamesforLife, LLC. doi:10.1601/tx.25820. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. "Details: DSM-16457". www.dsmz.de.
  6. Van Trappen, S; Tan, TL; Yang, J; Mergaert, J; Swings, J (September 2004). "Glaciecola polaris sp. nov., a novel budding and prosthecate bacterium from the Arctic Ocean, and emended description of the genus Glaciecola" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (Pt 5): 1765–71. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63123-0. PMID 15388742.
  7. Van Trappen, S. (2004-09-01). "Glaciecola polaris sp. nov., a novel budding and prosthecate bacterium from the Arctic Ocean, and emended description of the genus Glaciecola". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (5): 1765–1771. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63123-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 15388742.
  8. Qin, Qi-Long; Xie, Bin-Bin; Yu, Yong; Shu, Yan-Li; Rong, Jin-Cheng; Zhang, Yan-Jiao; Zhao, Dian-Li; Chen, Xiu-Lan; Zhang, Xi-Ying; Chen, Bo; Zhou, Bai-Cheng (2013-11-25). "Comparative genomics of the marine bacterial genusGlaciecolareveals the high degree of genomic diversity and genomic characteristic for cold adaptation". Environmental Microbiology. 16 (6): 1642–1653. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12318. ISSN 1462-2912. PMID 25009843.


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