Paprika oleoresin

Paprika oleoresin
	; Major chemical components of paprika oleoresin
Names
	IUPAC names (3R,3′S,5′R)-3,3′-dihydroxy-β,κ-caroten-6′-one (capsanthin); (3S,5R,3′S,5′R)-3,3′-dihydroxy-κ,κ-carotene-6,6′-dione (capsorubin)
	Other names Paprika extract; Paprika color
Identifiers
CAS Number	68917-78-2 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27448 ;
ChemSpider	none;
E number	E160c (colours)
PubChem CID	11980947;
Properties
Chemical formula	C40H56O3 (capsanthin) C40H56O4 (capsorubin)
Molar mass	584.87 g/mol (capsanthin) 600.85 g/mol (capsorubin)
Appearance	Reddish viscous liquid
Solubility in water	Insoluble
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Paprika oleoresin (also known as paprika extract and oleoresin paprika) is an oil-soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens, and is primarily used as a colouring and/or flavouring in food products. It is composed of vegetable oil (often in the range of 97% to 98%), capsaicin, the main flavouring compound giving pungency in higher concentrations, and capsanthin and capsorubin, the main colouring compounds (among other carotenoids).[1] It is much milder than capsicum oleoresin, often containing no capsaicin at all.

Extraction is performed by percolation with a variety of solvents, primarily hexane, which are removed prior to use. Vegetable oil is then added to ensure a uniform color saturation.[2]

Uses

Foods coloured with paprika oleoresin include cheese, orange juice, spice mixtures, sauces, sweets and emulsified processed meats. In poultry feed, it is used to deepen the colour of egg yolks.

In the United States, paprika oleoresin is listed as a color additive “exempt from certification”.[3] In Europe, paprika oleoresin (extract), and the compounds capsanthin and capsorubin are designated by E160c.

Names and CAS nos

Trivial Name	Preferred Name	AutoNom Name	Cas No.
Capsaicin	8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-trans-6-nonenamide	(E)-8-Methyl-non-6-enoic acid 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamide	404-86-4
Capsanthin	(all-E,3R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-β,κ-caroten-6'-one	(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E)-19-((R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-1-((1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)-4,8,13,17-tetramethyl-nonadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-nonaen-1-one	465-42-9
Capsorubin	(all-E,3S,3'S,5R,5'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-κ,κ-carotene-6,6'-dione	(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E)-1,20-Bis-((1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethyl-cyclopentyl)-4,8,13,17-tetramethyl-icosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-nonaene-1,20-dione	470-38-2

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References

Pérez-Gálvez A, Martin HD, Sies H, Stahl W (2003). "Incorporation of carotenoids from paprika oleoresin into human chylomicrons". Br. J. Nutr. 89 (6): 787–93. doi:10.1079/BJN2003842. PMID 12828795.
Jarén-Galán M, Nienaber U, Schwartz SJ (1999). "Paprika (Capsicum annuum) Oleoresin Extraction with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide". J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 (9): 3558–64. doi:10.1021/jf9900985. PMID 10552685.
"Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations, part 73". Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2008-08-12.

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[1] Pérez-Gálvez A, Martin HD, Sies H, Stahl W (2003). "Incorporation of carotenoids from paprika oleoresin into human chylomicrons". Br. J. Nutr. 89 (6): 787–93. doi:10.1079/BJN2003842. PMID 12828795.

[Jarén-Galán_1999-2] Jarén-Galán M, Nienaber U, Schwartz SJ (1999). "Paprika (Capsicum annuum) Oleoresin Extraction with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide". J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 (9): 3558–64. doi:10.1021/jf9900985. PMID 10552685.

[3] "Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations, part 73". Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2008-08-12.