Pano (caste)

The Pano (Odia:ପାଣ) (also known as Pan, Buna Pana, Desua Pana) are a scheduled caste of Odisha.[1] They are recognized as Scheduled Caste in Bihar, West Bengal and Jharkhand officially.[2] They speak Odia.[3]

Pano
Regions with significant populations
India
Languages
Odia
Related ethnic groups
Tanti

The Buna Pano are a part of the Pano.[4] According to the 2001 Census, 1,078,523 people in Odisha constituting 17.7% of the total SC population, were members of this caste. [5] It was the most populous of the scheduled castes of Odisha. [5] The Pano have the maximum population in Jajpur district, followed by Kendujhar district and Dhenkanal district, but they constitute the highest proportion (77.9%) of the total SC population in Kandhamal district. In Odisha, 14% of them have middle educational level, about 13% have more. 60.9% of their children in the 5-14 years group were at school. 16.8% of the Pano workers were cultivators, 54.3% agricultural labourers, 4.2% HHI workers and 24.7% other workers. 16.89% of the total population of Kandhamal district are members of a scheduled caste. Most of them are Pano (77.92%).[6] Kendujhar district has 11.62% members of scheduled castes and among them the major caste groups are the Pano (58.77%).[7] In 1891, those living in Sitra were called workers in metal, speaking Kui and Odia. Intermarriage to Khonds and Odias was not permitted. [8] Vishva Hindu Parishad has Pano as its enemy linking it to the church. [9] There is tension between the Khonds and the Pano. [9] Pano organization Phulbani Kui Janakalyan Samiti sought inclusion of Panos into a Scheduled Tribe linguistic category, Kui (created in 2002). [10] Many of them are Christians. [10] Hindutva activists were implicated in violence against Khond and Pano Christians. [11]

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2017-06-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. "THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED CASTES) ORDER, 19501" (PDF). Socialjustice.nic.in. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  3. Behera, Deepak Kumar; Pfeffer, Georg (3 February 2019). The concept of tribal society. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788170229834. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Google Books.
  4. "THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED CASTES) ORDERS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2012" (PDF). Prsindia.org. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  5. "Orissa : DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES : Census of India 2001" (PDF). Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  8. Thurston, Edgar. Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume VI of VII. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 9781465582416. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Google Books.
  9. Neyazi, Taberez Ahmed; Tanabe, Akio; Ishizaka, Shinya (11 July 2014). Democratic Transformation and the Vernacular Public Arena in India. Routledge. ISBN 9781317694038. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Google Books.
  10. Osuri, Goldie (3 February 2019). Religious Freedom in India: Sovereignty and (anti) Conversion. Routledge. ISBN 9780415665575. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Google Books.
  11. Osuri, Goldie (3 February 2019). Religious Freedom in India: Sovereignty and (anti) Conversion. Routledge. ISBN 9780415665575. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Google Books.
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