Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4

Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (palmitoyl pentapeptide-3 before 2006) is a matrikine used in anti-wrinkle cosmetics. It was launched in 2000 as an active ingredient for the personal care industry under the trade name Matrixyl by the Spanish cosmetic active ingredient manufacturer Sederma SAS.

Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4
Identifiers
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.126.177
UNII
Properties
C39H75N7O10
Molar mass 802.068 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Chemistry

Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (Pal-Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser = Pal-KTTKS) contains 5 amino acids linked to a 16-carbon aliphatic chain for improving the penetration of the molecule through the lipid structures of the skin. It is a matrikine. Matrikines are messenger peptides capable of regulating cell activities by interacting with their specific receptors. They activate certain genes involved in the process of extracellular matrix renewal and cell proliferation.[1] By activating the neosynthesis of extracellular matrix macromolecules, palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 provides an anti-wrinkle effect. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) demonstrating the anti-wrinkle efficacy of this peptide have been conducted and published by Sederma and by independent organisations.[2][3][4]

gollark: As in, A-levels are after GCSEs.
gollark: They're the qualification before those.
gollark: I read it before then, but still. English at school is very evil that way.
gollark: 1984 is actually part of the English GCSE course at my school (and/or exam board or whatever, not sure how that works). It's amazing how picking apart random bits of phrasing or whatever for hours on end ruin your enjoyment of a work.
gollark: Vaguely relatedly I think 1984 is entering the public domain next year. Copyright lasts for an excessively long time in my opinion.

References
  1. Maquart, François-Xavier; Siméon, Alain; Pasco, Sylvie; Monboisse, Jean-Claude (1999). "Régulation de l'activité cellulaire par la matrice extracelulaire : Le concept de matrikines". Journal de la Société de Biologie. 193 (4–5): 423–428. doi:10.1051/jbio/1999193040423.
  2. Jones, Roanne R.; Castelletto, Valeria; Connon, Che J.; Hamley, Ian W. (2013). "Collagen Stimulating Effect of Peptide Amphiphile C16–KTTKS on Human Fibroblasts". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 10 (3): 1063–1069. doi:10.1021/mp300549d. PMID 23320752.
  3. Lintner; Peschard (2000). "Biologically active peptides: From a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 22 (3): 207–218. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00010.x. PMID 18503476.
  4. Robinson, L. R.; Fitzgerald, N. C.; Doughty, D. G.; Dawes, N. C.; Berge, C. A.; Bissett, D. L. (2005). "Topical palmitoyl pentapeptide provides improvement in photoaged human facial skin1". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 27 (3): 155–160. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00261.x. PMID 18492182.
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