Paenibacillus tylopili

Paenibacillus tylopili is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. Described as new to science in 2008, it was found in the mycorhizosphere of the bolete fungus Tylopilus felleus.[1]

Paenibacillus tylopili
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Firmicutes
Class:
Bacilli
Order:
Bacillales
Family:
Paenibacillaceae
Genus:
Paenibacillus
Species:
P. tylopili
Binomial name
Paenibacillus tylopili
Kuisiene et al. 2008

Description

The Gram-positive cells are rod-shaped, with dimensions of 3.0–5.9 μm long by 1.2–1.6 μm wide. Swollen sporangia produce oval endospores. It has an optimal growth temperature of 25 °C (77 °F), with a minimum of 9 °C (48 °F). Its optimum growth pH is 8.0, but can grow in the range 6.0–9.0. It is a facultative anaerobe. When cultured for two days at 25 °C (77 °F) on agar plates containing trypticase soy agar growth medium, the resulting colonies are whitish and somewhat translucent and glossy, round and slightly raised off the surface, measuring 1–2 mm in diameter.[1]

In standard tests of physiological characteristics, the bacterium was able to hydrolyse starch, but not casein nor gelatin, and it was able to produce acid from both of the sugars lactose and raffinose. It does not have the ability to reduce nitrate.[1]

Molecular analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences shows the species to be closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus, P. pabuli and P. xylanilyticus.[1] In 2011, a novel strain of Paenibacillus, named P118, isolated from the gut of the tropical fish Parotocinclus maculicauda, was reported to be closely related to P. tylopili based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity.[2] Like all members of the genus Paenibacillus, its predominant fatty acid is anteiso-C15:0 (a straight chain of 15 carbon atoms, without any double bonds). Other abundant fatty acids are iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and n-C16:0. The bacterium has a GC-content of 44.3%. Its cell wall contains the diamino acid meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid.[1]

Ecology

Paenibacillus tylopili can degrade the polymer chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls. It lacks the ability to break down N-acetylglucosamine.[1]

gollark: They can eventually if worms are really cheap and shown to be healthy.
gollark: Oh, you will.
gollark: https://tenor.com/view/coronal-mass-ejection-nasa-gif-3361280
gollark: It's false color, bee.
gollark: yes it is.

References
  1. Kuisiene N, Raugalas J, Spröer C, Kroppenstedt RM, Stuknyte M, Chitavichius D (2008). "Paenibacillus tylopili sp.nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from the mycorhizosphere of Tylopilus felleus". Folia Microbiologica. 53 (5): 433–37. doi:10.1007/s12223-008-0066-2. PMID 19085079.
  2. de Castro AL, Vollú RE, Peixoto RS, Grigorevski-Lima AL, Coelho RR, Bon EP, Rosado AS, Seldin L (2011). "Cellulolytic potential of a novel strain of Paenibacillus sp. isolated from the armored catfish Parotocinclus maculicauda gut". Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 42 (4): 1608–15. doi:10.1590/S1517-83822011000400048. PMC 3768713. PMID 24031795.
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