PRM2

Protamine 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRM2 gene.[5]

PRM2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPRM2, CT94.2, protamine 2
External IDsOMIM: 182890 MGI: 97766 GeneCards: PRM2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 16 (human)[1]
Band16p13.13Start11,275,639 bp[1]
End11,276,480 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5620

19119

Ensembl

ENSG00000122304

ENSMUSG00000038015

UniProt

P04554

P07978

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001286356
NM_001286357
NM_001286358
NM_001286359
NM_002762

NM_008933

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001273285
NP_001273286
NP_001273287
NP_001273288
NP_002753

NP_032959

Location (UCSC)Chr 16: 11.28 – 11.28 MbChr 16: 10.79 – 10.8 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, and are the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many vertebrates. They package the sperm DNA into a highly condensed complex in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus. Many mammalian species have only one protamine (protamine 1); however, a few species, including human and mouse, have two. This gene encodes protamine 2, which is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine 2 peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015].

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References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000122304 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038015 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: Protamine 2". Retrieved 2020-03-17.

Further reading
  • Friel A, Houghton JA, Glennon M, Lavery R, Smith T, Nolan A, Maher M (February 2002). "A preliminary report on the implication of RT-PCR detection of DAZ, RBMY1, USP9Y and Protamine-2 mRNA in testicular biopsy samples from azoospermic men". International Journal of Andrology. 25 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00326.x. PMID 11869379.
  • Zhang J, Webb DM, Podlaha O (December 2002). "Accelerated protein evolution and origins of human-specific features: Foxp2 as an example". Genetics. 162 (4): 1825–35. PMC 1462353. PMID 12524352.
  • Tanaka H, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Matsumiya K, Okuyama A, Nishimune Y (February 2003). "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the protamine-1 and -2 genes of fertile and infertile human male populations". Molecular Human Reproduction. 9 (2): 69–73. doi:10.1093/molehr/gag010. PMID 12569175.
  • Nasr-Esfahani MH, Salehi M, Razavi S, Mardani M, Bahramian H, Steger K, Oreizi F (December 2004). "Effect of protamine-2 deficiency on ICSI outcome". Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 9 (6): 652–8. doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61776-2. PMID 15670415.
  • Torregrosa N, Domínguez-Fandos D, Camejo MI, Shirley CR, Meistrich ML, Ballescà JL, Oliva R (August 2006). "Protamine 2 precursors, protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio, DNA integrity and other sperm parameters in infertile patients". Human Reproduction. 21 (8): 2084–9. doi:10.1093/humrep/del114. PMID 16632464.
  • Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT (November 2006). "Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility". Fertility and Sterility. 86 (5): 1416–22. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033. PMID 16989827.
  • Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT (November 2006). "Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility". Fertility and Sterility. 86 (5): 1416–22. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033. PMID 16989827.
  • Aoki VW, Liu L, Jones KP, Hatasaka HH, Gibson M, Peterson CM, Carrell DT (November 2006). "Sperm protamine 1/protamine 2 ratios are related to in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates and predictive of fertilization ability". Fertility and Sterility. 86 (5): 1408–15. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.024. PMID 17011555.

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