Oxapampa
Oxapampa is the capital of Oxapampa District and Oxapampa Province in Peru in the eastern part of the Pasco Region. .[1] Oxapampa belongs to the natural region known as Selva Alta or high jungle. 80 kilometres (50 mi) northward down the valley of the Huancabamba River is the settlement of Pozuzo (altitude 800 m).[2] The most important agricultural pursuits in the region are raising cattle and growing coffee.
Oxapampa | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Oxapampa Location in Peru | |
| Coordinates: 10.574°S 75.405°W | |
| Country |  |
| Region | Pasco |
| Province | Oxapampa |
| District | Oxapampa |
| Founded | 1891 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Juan Carlos La Torre Moscoso |
| Elevation | 1,814 m (5,951 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
| • Total | 14,304 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (PET) |
Oxapampa was founded in 1891 by settlers of Austrian and Germanic origin from Pozuzo. The town and the region retains a Germanic flavor in its Tyrolean architecture and celebrates its origins in public celebrations. Oxapampa, due to its mild climate and scenic surroundings, has become a tourist destination since access was improved by highway construction beginning in the 1980s.
Etymology
Oxapampa (or Ocshapampa) means "straw plain" or "grassy plain" in the Quechua language. "Ocsha" means "straw" and "pampa" means "plain" or flat area.[3]
History
In 1853, as living conditions in Central Europe were poor due to wars and famine, baron Damian Freiherr von Schütz-Holzhausen signed a contract with the Peruvian government to send 10,000 colonists to the virgin area of Alto Huallaga.
In March 1857, a group of 300 Tyrolean and Prussian settlers, consisting mainly of poor peasant families and couples who weren't allowed to marry in their home countries, boarded the “Norton” to go to Peru. Before starting the journey, the couples were married. After 4 months, the settlers arrived at Callao port in Lima. After two days of quarantine, the settlers took a ship to the port of Huacho, where their belongings were put on mules and men had to continue the journey on foot while women and children were given donkeys to ride on. The journey went from Huancho to Cerro de Pasco, Acobamba and Santa Cruz. On the way, some of the settlers left the group.[4] In 1858, the male settlers travelled from Santa Cruz to Pozuzo to partition the lands and sow enough so they would be able to live off their crops once their families arrived. Finally, in 1859 a group of 170 people moved permanently to Pozuzo.[5]
In 1891, when things were better, a group of colonists from Pozuzo founded the city of Oxapampa (now the capital of the province of same name) and then the town of Villa Rica (both South of Pozuzo).[6]
Pozuzo
Pozuzo (not to be confused with the District of Pozuzo) is a small town in the valley of the Huancabamba River which, some kilometres down, changes its name to Pozuzo. Typical houses here are in Tyrolean style in the Peruvian jungle; Kohel and Budweiser houses are the oldest here.
Nearby is the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park at the Canyon of Huancabamba. The area is full of rivers, waterfalls and tropical forest.
Climate
Oxapama has a Cfb (humid, sub-tropical with warm summers, "eternal spring" ) climate under the Koppen Classification system. Measured by the Trewartha climate classification system the climate is Crlk (humid, subtropical with mild summers and cool winters). Oxapampa's climate is modified by its altitude which results in lower temperatures year round than the nearby low-elevation tropics. The monthly deviation in average temperatures between the hottest and coldest months is only 2.2 degrees C (4 degrees F). The austral winter months of June, July, and August are moderately dry, but precipitation is abundant during the remainder of the year.
| Climate data for Oxapampa 1,810 metres (5,940 ft) above sea level | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.1 (55.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 196 (7.7) |
203 (8.0) |
182 (7.2) |
109 (4.3) |
70 (2.8) |
35 (1.4) |
39 (1.5) |
48 (1.9) |
93 (3.7) |
126 (5.0) |
124 (4.9) |
186 (7.3) |
1,411 (55.6) |
| Source: Climate-data-org[7] | |||||||||||||
Sister city
Gallery
Oxapampa valley with the town in the distance.
The main plaza
The church on the main plaza.
Celebrating their German heritage.
Anana waterfall
Huancabamba River, near Oxapampa.
References
- "Peru - Google Books". books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- "The Rough Guide to Peru - Google Books". books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- "Oxapampa valley". Let's Visit Peru. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- Moll, Siegfried (2007), "Peru wollte deutsche Einwanderer – Teil I", Traunsteiner Tagblatt (in German), 28/2007, archived from the original on 2011-07-19
- Moll, Siegfried (2007), "Peru wollte deutsche Einwanderer – Teil II", Traunsteiner Tagblatt (in German), 29/2007, archived from the original on 2011-07-19
- Dilwyn Jenkins (2009-07-01). The Rough Guide to Peru. Rough Guides Limited. pp. 499–. ISBN 978-1-84836-053-2.
- "Pozuzo". Climate-data-org. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
External links
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Oxapampa. |
