Outer membrane receptor

Outer membrane receptors, also known as TonB-dependent receptors, are a family of beta barrel proteins named for their localization in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. TonB complexes sense signals from the outside of bacterial cells and transmit them into the cytoplasm, leading to transcriptional activation of target genes. TonB-dependent receptors in gram-negative bacteria are associated with the uptake and transport of large substrates such as iron siderophore complexes and vitamin B12.[2]

TonB dependent receptor
Structure of ferric hydroxamate uptake receptor.[1]
Identifiers
SymbolTonB_dep_Rec
PfamPF00593
Pfam clanCL0193
InterProIPR000531
PROSITEPDOC00354
SCOPe2fcp / SUPFAM
TCDB1.B.14
OPM superfamily33
OPM protein1qfg
CDDcd01347

TonB interactions with other proteins

In Escherichia coli, the TonB protein interacts with outer membrane receptor proteins that carry out high-affinity binding and energy-dependent uptake of specific substrates into the periplasmic space.[3] These substrates are either poorly transported through non-specific porin channels or are encountered at very low concentrations. In the absence of TonB, these receptors bind their substrates but do not carry out active transport. TonB-dependent regulatory systems consist of six protein protein components.[4]

The proteins that are currently known or presumed to interact with TonB include BtuB,[5] CirA, FatA, FcuT, FecA,[6] FhuA,[7] FhuE, FepA,[8] FptA, HemR, IrgA, IutA, PfeA, PupA, LbpA and TbpA. The TonB protein also interacts with some colicins. Most of these proteins contain a short conserved region at their N-terminus.[9]

TonB-dependent receptor plug domain
TonB-dependent Receptor Plug Domain
Identifiers
SymbolPlug
PfamPF07715
InterProIPR012910
SCOPe1fi1 / SUPFAM

TonB-dependent receptors include a plug domain, an independently folding subunit that acts as the channel gate, blocking the pore until the channel is bound by ligand. At this point it undergoes conformational changes, opening the channel.[10]

TonB as phage receptor

TonB also acts as a receptor for Salmonella bacteriophage H8. In fact, H8 infection is TonB dependent.[11]

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References
  1. Ferguson AD, Welte W, Hofmann E, et al. (June 2000). "A conserved structural motif for lipopolysaccharide recognition by procaryotic and eucaryotic proteins". Structure. 8 (6): 585–92. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(00)00143-X. PMID 10873859.
  2. Koebnik, Ralf (2000). "Structures and function of bacterial outer membrane proteins: barrels in a nutshell". MicroReview. 37 (2): 239-253.
  3. Kadner RJ, Chimento DP, Wiener MC (2003). "The Escherichia coli outer membrane cobalamin transporter BtuB: structural analysis of calcium and substrate binding, and identification of orthologous transporters by sequence/structure conservation". J. Mol. Biol. 332 (5): 999–1014. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.07.005. PMID 14499604.
  4. Koebnik R (2005). "TonB-dependent trans-envelope signalling: the exception or the rule?". Trends Microbiol. 13 (8): 343–7. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.06.005. PMID 15993072.
  5. Kadner RJ, Chimento DP, Wiener MC, Mohanty AK (2003). "Substrate-induced transmembrane signaling in the cobalamin transporter BtuB". Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 (5): 394–401. doi:10.1038/nsb914. PMID 12652322.
  6. Deisenhofer J, Smith BS, Esser L, Chakraborty R, van der Helm D, Ferguson AD (2002). "Structural basis of gating by the outer membrane transporter FecA". Science. 295 (5560): 1715–1719. doi:10.1126/science.1067313. PMID 11872840.
  7. Moras D, Rosenbusch JP, Mitschler A, Rees B, Locher KP, Koebnik R, Moulinier L (1998). "Transmembrane signaling across the ligand-gated FhuA receptor: crystal structures of free and ferrichrome-bound states reveal allosteric changes". Cell. 95 (6): 771–778. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81700-6. PMID 9865695.
  8. Deisenhofer J, Xia D, Buchanan SK, Smith BS, Venkatramani L, Esser L, Palnitkar M, Chakraborty R, van der Helm D (1999). "Crystal structure of the outer membrane active transporter FepA from Escherichia coli". Nat. Struct. Biol. 6 (1): 56–63. doi:10.1038/4931. PMID 9886293.
  9. Klebba PE (2003). "Three paradoxes of ferric enterobactin uptake". Front. Biosci. 8: s1422–s1436. doi:10.2741/1233. PMID 12957833.
  10. Buchanan SK, Evans RW, Ghirlando R, Oke M, Sarra R, Farnaud S, Gorringe AR (2004). "The plug domain of a neisserial TonB-dependent transporter retains structural integ rity in the absence of its transmembrane beta-barrel". FEBS Lett. 564 (3): 294–300. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00196-6. PMID 15111112.
  11. Rabsch, W.; Ma, L.; Wiley, G.; Najar, F. Z.; Kaserer, W.; Schuerch, D. W.; Klebba, J. E.; Roe, B. A.; Laverde Gomez, J. A. L.; Schallmey, M.; Newton, S. M. C.; Klebba, P. E. (2007). "FepA- and TonB-Dependent Bacteriophage H8: Receptor Binding and Genomic Sequence". Journal of Bacteriology. 189 (15): 5658–5674. doi:10.1128/JB.00437-07. PMC 1951831. PMID 17526714.


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