Otto von Emmich

Albert Theodor Otto Emmich (since 1913 von Emmich) (August 4, 1848 – December 22, 1915) was a Prussian general.

Otto von Emmich
Born	(1848-08-04)4 August 1848 Minden, Prussia
Died	22 December 1915(1915-12-22) (aged 67) Hanover, Imperial Germany
Allegiance	Prussia Imperial Germany
Service/branch	Prussian Army Imperial German Army
Years of service	1866–1915
Rank	General
Commands held	X Army Corps Army of the Meuse
Battles/wars	Franco-Prussian War World War I

Biography

Emmich was the son of an Oberst (Colonel). He married Elise Pauline Sophie (*1855), daughter of Karl von Graberg. Born in Minden, Emmich entered the Prussian Army in 1866. A veteran of the Franco-Prussian War, he was promoted to major-general in 1901 and given command of the 31st Infantry brigade. In 1905, he was promoted to lieutenant-general and given command of the 10th Division. He attained the rank of general of infantry in 1909, and was placed in command of the X Army Corps at Hanover.

During the early days of World War I in Europe in 1914, he was given command of a provisional army, Army of the Meuse, which was explicitly formed for the special task of taking the forts of Liège and securing the invasion roads into Belgium for the regular German armies.

The Battle of Liège began shortly after the morning of August 5, 1914 when German bombardment began on the eastern Belgian forts. That marks it chronologically as the first battle to take place during World War I, beginning shortly before the Battle of Mulhouse.[1] The Imperial German troops were obliged to entrench and bring up heavy siege artillery. He laid siege to Liège, which he entered on August 7, 1914, but the last forts did not surrender until August 16, 1914.

After the fall of Liège, Emmich reverted to corps command and fought at the Marne and in the trench warfare near Reims. In April 1915 Emmich was transferred to the Eastern front where he fought in the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive.

Emmich was ennobled in 1913. He died of arteriosclerosis in Hanover.

Awards and decorations

• Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle
• Order of the Crown, 1st class (Prussia)
• Iron Cross of 1870, 2nd class
• Pour le Mérite (7 August 1914) together with Erich Ludendorff for the taking of Liege; Oak Leaves added to the Pour le Mérite on 14 May 1915

Footnotes

1. Keegan 1998, p. 84.

References

• The Siege of Liége: A Personal Narrative, by Paul Hamelius (London, 1914).
• Keegan, John (1998). The First World War. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-180178-6.
• In Daily Chronicle War Books, Volume IV, (1914), "The Campaign Around Liége" by J. M. Kennedy.
• The Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman (1962)

External links

• Newspaper clippings about Otto von Emmich in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW