Osteocephalus mutabor

Osteocephalus mutabor
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Hylidae
Genus:	Osteocephalus
Species:	O. mutabor
Binomial name
	Osteocephalus mutabor; Jungfer & Hödl, 2002[2]

Osteocephalus mutabor is a species of frogs in the family Hylidae found on the western Andean foothills of Ecuador and south to Ucayali Region of Peru.[3] Before Osteocephalus mutabor was described as a new species in 2002, it was confused with Osteocephalus leprieurii.[2][3]

Description

Osteocephalus mutabor males measure 36–50 mm (1.4–2.0 in) and females 53–76 mm (2.1–3.0 in) in snout–vent length. Sexual dimorphism is marked: females have a smooth dorsum while males have tubercles hearing spines. The dorsum is tan coloured and has numerous transverse lines or other markings; the pattern is highly variable. Juveniles are markedly different and have red eyes, a broad creamy white interorbital bar, and dorsolateral stripes.[2][4]

Reproduction

Spawning has been observed in aquarium where mating took place in shallow water. Eggs were released as a clump of 30–40 eggs that floated on the surface and within half an hour had spread to single-layered film. Total fecundity is about 800–1300 eggs.[2]

Habitat and conservation

This arboreal species inhabits primary forests and forest edges at elevations of 200–1,200 m (660–3,940 ft) asl. It breeds in temporary ponds and slow-moving streams. It may occur in slightly degraded habitats.[1][4]

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gollark: 2022.

gollark: Obviously for long-running conversations you would compress it as a stream for efficiency.

gollark: With compression, it's `eJyrViqpLEhVslJQKkstSlLSgdJAflJqKohbkFiUmFsMFIiuhistKMrPyy/NA0unFhXn5wEFjYCcvNLcpNQiIMewNrYWANldG38=`. Pronunciation is an exercise for the reader.

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References

Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.; Jungfer, K.-H. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. (2004). "Osteocephalus mutabor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T55799A11358913. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55799A11358913.en.
Jungfer, K.-H.; Hödl, W. (2002). "A new species of Osteocephalus from Ecuador and a redescription of O. leprieurii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: Hylidae)" (PDF). Amphibia-Reptilia. 23: 21–46. doi:10.1163/156853802320877609.
Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Osteocephalus mutabor Jungfer and Hödl, 2002". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
Read, M.; Ron, S. R. & A. Vallejo (2011). "Osteocephalus mutabor". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. y Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 12 February 2015.

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[IUCN-1] Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.; Jungfer, K.-H. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. (2004). "Osteocephalus mutabor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T55799A11358913. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55799A11358913.en.

[JH02-2] Jungfer, K.-H.; Hödl, W. (2002). "A new species of Osteocephalus from Ecuador and a redescription of O. leprieurii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: Hylidae)" (PDF). Amphibia-Reptilia. 23: 21–46. doi:10.1163/156853802320877609.

[frost-3] Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Osteocephalus mutabor Jungfer and Hödl, 2002". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 12 February 2015.

[AWE-4] Read, M.; Ron, S. R. & A. Vallejo (2011). "Osteocephalus mutabor". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. y Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 12 February 2015.