Osornophryne sumacoensis

Osornophryne sumacoensis
	Head shape in lateral view of Osornophryne sumacoensis female
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Osornophryne
Species:	O. sumacoensis
Binomial name
	Osornophryne sumacoensis; Gluesenkamp, 1995

Osornophryne sumacoensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ecuador and only found in the forests surrounding a small crater lake on the eastern slopes of Sumaco, a volcano in the Napo Province.[1][2][3]

Description

Osornophryne sumacoensis females measure about 32.5 mm (1.28 in) in snout–vent length (mean of three individuals). Skin has many tubercles. The back and limbs are blueish-black, but the belly is blue with black spots. Head is small.[3]

Osornophryne sumacoensis can be active both day and night. It is a terrestrial species. During the daytime specimens have been found under leaf-litter.[1][3]

Reproduction

Osornophryne sumacoensis has direct development. Eggs are laid on soil under vegetation.[1]

Habitat and conservation

Osornophryne sumacoensis inhabits the cloud forest surrounding the lake, at 2,500–2,800 m (8,200–9,200 ft) asl. The forest is dominated by bamboo (Chusquea sp.), Ficus, and other trees up to 20 m (66 ft) tall.[1][3]

The species lives within the Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park. Volcanic eruption is a threat to this species restricted to a single location.[1]

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References

Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.; Cisneros-Heredia, D. & Almandáriz, A. (2004). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54859A11203411. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54859A11203411.en.
Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis Gluesenkamp, 1995". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
Coloma, L. A.; Páez-Moscoso, D.; Frenkel, C.; Félix-Novoa, C. & Quiguango-Ubillús, A. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. y Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.

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[IUCN-1] Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.; Cisneros-Heredia, D. & Almandáriz, A. (2004). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54859A11203411. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54859A11203411.en.

[frost-2] Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis Gluesenkamp, 1995". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 February 2015.

[AWE-3] Coloma, L. A.; Páez-Moscoso, D.; Frenkel, C.; Félix-Novoa, C. & Quiguango-Ubillús, A. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. y Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.