Olpidium

Olpidium is a fungal genus in the family Olpidiaceae. Members of Olpidium are zoosporic pathogens of plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes.[3][4]

Olpidium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
incertae sedis
Class:
incertae sedis
Order:
incertae sedis
Family:
Olpidiaceae
Genus:
Olpidium

Type species
Olpidium endogenum
(A. Br.) Schroet.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Chytridium (Olpidium) Braun 1856
  • Asterocystis de Wildeman 1893 non Gobi 1879
  • Cyphidium Magnus 1875
  • Diplochytridium Karling 1971
  • Diplochytrium Tomaschek 1878
  • Endolpidium de Wildeman 1894
  • Olpidiaster Pascher 1917 non Saccas 1954
  • Olpidiella Lagerheim 1888

Morphology

Olpidium species exist as spherical zoosporangia inside the cells of their host. Zoospores emerge from a single discharge tube and have a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. Resting spores can be smooth or ornamented.[4]

Ecology

Olpidium species infect a wide variety of plants, animals, protists, and fungi and are fairly common in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of what is known about the genus comes from those species that infect higher plants, especially crops.[5][6]

In higher plants, infection with Olpidium often causes little to no symptoms. An exception is Olpidium viciae, which causes broadbean blister.[6] However, Olpidium species can vector plant viruses.[5] For example, Olpidium brassicae transmits big-vein virus and big-vein associated varicosavirus among lettuce plants, and transmits tobacco mosaic virus among tobacco plants. Olpidium bornovanus or Olpidium cucurbitacearum serves as a vectors for a number of curcubit viruses.[6]

Taxonomy

The genus Olpidium was placed in the Olpidiaceae in the Chytridiales.[3] Later some species, notably O. brassicae, were moved to the genus Pleotrachelus, but these were later moved back into the genus.[6] Based on zoospore ultrastructure, Donald J. S. Barr moved the genus into Spizellomycetales [7] In studies using molecular phylogenetics, O. brassicae, O. virulentus, and O. bornovanus were found to cluster with members of the former Zygomycota not with members of Chytridiomycota. One researcher, has elevated Olpidium to the level of phylum (Olpidiomycota) and split the genus into several genera.[6] While nomenclaturaly valid and accepted by some researchers,[8] others view these changes as controversial and unsupported.[6]

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References
  1. Clements, Frederic E.; Shear, Cornelius L. (1931). The Genera of Fungi. The H. W. Wilson Company. p. 234.
  2. "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  3. Fitzpatrick, Harry Morton (1930). The Lower Fungi: Phycomyetes. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  4. Sparrow F.K. (1060). Aquatic Phycomycetes (second ed.). The University of Michigan Press.
  5. Alexopoulos CJ.; Mims SW.; Blackwell M. (1996). Introductory Mycology (fourth ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 161–162.
  6. Lay, Chih-Ling; Hamel, Chantal; St-Arnaud, Marc (2018). "Taxonomy and pathogenicity of Olpidium brassicae and its allied species". Fungal Biology. 122 (9): 837–846. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.012. PMID 30115317.
  7. Barr, Donald J.S. (1990). "An outline for the reclassification of the Chytridiales, and for a new order, the Spizellomycetales". Canadian Journal of Botany. 58 (22): 2380–2394. doi:10.1139/b80-276.
  8. Wijayawardene, N.N. (2018). "Notes for genera: basal clades of fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 92: 43–129. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5.


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