Olof Tempelman

Olof Samuel Tempelman (February 21, 1745 in Källstad, Östergötland – July 27, 1816 in Stockholm) was a Swedish architect and, from 1779, professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. He was appointed royal architect in 1799.

Olof Tempelman
Born
Olof Samuel Tempelman

(1745-02-21)February 21, 1745
Källstad, Östergötland, Sweden
DiedJuly 27, 1816(1816-07-27) (aged 71)
Stockholm, Sweden
OccupationArchitect, professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts

Early life

He was the son of Samuel Tempelman (1711-1748), curate of Herrestad, and his wife Susanna Maria Ridderström (1718-1753). According to tradition, the name was derived from the Templars. The family had immigrated from Dorpat in Estonia, and had for generations lived in Östergötland. Susanna was the daughter of a captain and grew up in Östergötland. When Tempelman was three years old, his father died. He was cared for by his father's older brother, Peter Tempelman, who served as priest in the Östra Stenby congregation. His uncle was a man of scientific interest, who collected books and had contact with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Tempelman had a happy childhood and showed an early interest in design. His received his early education at home and continued studying, along with his cousin, at the high school in Linköping.

At Uppsala University in 1763, he began studying theology and the humanities while working as a tutor for income. But he eventually immersed himself in science, following in the likes of Carl Linnaeus, Anders Celsius, and Samuel Klingenstierna. Tempelman wrote a thesis in astronomy under Daniel Melanderhjelm before starting on a master's thesis in physics, De frictione corporum super plano horizontale motorum.

Career

Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz succeeded Carl Johan Cronstedt as Superintendent of Antiquities in 1767, and two years later, he hired Tempelman. Adelcrantz hired Tempelman for his insight and skill, and took a personal interest in his development. While Tempelman wrote his master's thesis, he began work as an architect at the Superintendent's office. The thesis was elegantly illustrated and dedicated to Adelcrantz. He also continued to tutor and met the city architect Carl Henric König, one of the era's most skilled and high-profile architects as well as technically literate; he created drawings and descriptions for the inventor Christopher Polhem. This was the area that interested Tempelman.

Gustav III Pavilion in Hagaparken, north of Stockholm.

In the spring of 1775, Adelcrantz sent Tempelman on a study trip to Copenhagen. In October 1776, Gustav III assigned Tempelman to be an information aide for fortifications; he trained under Fredrik Dederichs who taught prospective officers and architects since the 1750s, including Erik Palmstedt. Tempelman came to be involved in Gustav III's new opera house at Norrmalmstorg. It was a complex project and Adelcrantz appointed Tempelman to be responsible for project implementation. Tempelman designed Gustav III's Pavilion in with detailed instructions from the king. Many of Tempelman projects related to churches but there were also other public buildings. In addition, he undertook private commissions. Adelcrantz often made the first sketches, but the two men worked closely together.

Adelcrantz urged Tempelman to become a professor. In 1780, he was appointed professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. Tempelman traveled to Paris and Rome. He visited Naples with Carl August Ehrensvärd and they also made a trip to Pompeii and Vesuvius, returning home via Venice, Milan, Genoa, Antibes, Marseille, and Paris. The 1780s were a successful period of increasingly independent tasks, and, with international experience, he developed a more independent design. The 1790s were a politically unsettled time in Sweden. In July 1798, Tempelman complained that sight in one of his eyes was deteriorating. The office of the Superintendent of Antiquities, however, was still busy designing churches, schools, and hospitals, especially outside Stockholm, and this is where Tempelman gave significant effort. After suffering two serious illnesses within a year, his physical and emotional health deteriorated. He did not give up work entirely, continuing for several years at the office of the Superintendent of Antiquities, and also teaching at the academy.

Personal life

Through his connections with Adelcrantz, Tempelman met Britta Elisabet Gyllenstam, daughter of Colonel Jonas Zacharias Gyllenstam and Catharina Elisabeth von Numers. They married in 1782. In the following year, they had a daughter, Mary Catherine, who died as an infant; his wife died a year later. Tempelman secondly married Dorothea Catherina Pagenkopff, the daughter of the German shoemaker Michael C. Pagenkopff, in 1804. They had five children, two boys who died early, and three girls. Tempelman died on 27 July 1816, and was buried in Stockholm, leaving behind his wife and three daughters.

Partial list of works
Royal Palace, Stockholm
Valbo Church, Gästrikland
Skeppisholmen, Stockholm
Rystads Church, Linköpings
Slaka Church, Linköpings
Härnösands gymnasium, in Härnösands
  1. Old Town, Stockholm, castle environment, 1774
  2. Royal Palace, rearranging the rooms & floors, 1774
  3. Tranemo church, Västergötland, 1774, not done, 1600 Century church in the 1880s, replaced by new hexagonal church building was designed by architect Emil Victor Langlet
  4. Ulriksdal, Uppland, north wing of the building's attic, 1774
  5. Västerås gymnasium, Västmanland, restructuring proposals for Senate, 1774
  6. Hycklinge Church, Ostrogothia, 1775, Per Wilhelm Palm Roth prepares new draft 1792
  7. Göta Court of Appeal, Jonkoping, 1775
  8. Valbo church, Gästrikland, tower and vestry, 1775, the tower was built in 1775
  9. Nora Church, Västmanland, 1776, not performed, a new church built in the 1880s
  10. Selångers church, Medelpad, 1776, erected in 1780-1781
  11. Sollerö church, Dalarna, 1776
  12. Sofia Magdalena Church, Askersund, school and almshouses, 1777
  13. Björsäters church, Västergötland, 1777
  14. Helsingborg, Corps-de-garde, 1777, building guards and jail completed in 1778, demolished 1882
  15. Core Church, West Yorkshire, organ facade in 1777, destroyed by fire in 1893
  16. Nässjö old church, Småland, 1777, erected in 1789-1791
  17. Hornstull, city sports and customs houses, Stockholm, 1777, the archway demolished in 1905, customs houses demolished in 1933
  18. Skeppsholmen, magazines, Stockholm, 1777 & 1779, rebuilt, now part of the Academy of Fine Arts
  19. Tuna church, Medelpad, tower and nave, 1777, long house with a gable roof was built from 1776 to 1778, the tower was built until 1937
  20. Uppsala Cathedral, Sture chancel, wrought iron grilles, 1777
  21. Western Torups Church, Zealand, organ facade, 1777
  22. Årstads courthouse, Halland, 1777, torn, probably 1973
  23. Ödeshögs Church, West Yorkshire, 1777, rebuilt in the 1880s
  24. Örkened Church, Zealand, 1777, erected in 1786-1788
  25. Alvesta church, Småland, organ façade, 1778, built as proposed by Pehr Schiörlin
  26. Stora Kopparberg church, Falun, tower and altar set-up, 1778, the tower built in 1780, transformative 1900, altar setup exchanged 1900
  27. Kil's Church, wa, towers, 1778, was built in 1779-1780
  28. Kläckeberga church, Smaland, altarpiece installation, 1778, not done
  29. Linkoping, Stångebro, stone bridge, 1778, erected in 1779-1780, demolished for the construction of the Kinda Canal, new bridge for drawing 1870
  30. Replots church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1778, erected in 1781, however, without a tower
  31. Sollerö church, Dalarna, pulpit, 1778
  32. Säters church, Dalarna, 1778, begun in 1780
  33. Silvii school, Tun, Västergötland, 1778, built from 1780 to 1781, restored 1965
  34. Värnamo church, Småland, organ façade, 1778, the organ was built in 1778, the church torn in the 1870s
  35. Värö church, Halland, organ façade, 1778, the organ was demolished along with the church in 1855
  36. Västerås dean farm, 1778, completed in 1780, a historic building in 1981
  37. Fridlevstads church, Blekinge, towers, 1779, not performed
  38. Hultsjö church, Småland, 1779, not done, plans for a new church of hoof-and city architect Per Axel Nyström 1859
  39. Korsholm, Toby Bridge, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1779, built in 1781, antiquarian protected 1982
  40. Kättilstads Church, West Yorkshire, organ facade, 1779, revision of the proposal by Pehr Schiörlin, performed after the proposal
  41. Gustaf Church, Lulea, SWE, 1779, conducted from 1787 to 1790, destroyed by fire in 1887
  42. Rystads Church, West Yorkshire, in 1779, built in 1780-1783
  43. Långholmen, Spinnhusbron, Stockholm, 1779, demolished
  44. Tavastkyro church, Häme, Finland, 1779, erected in 1780-1782, first tower 1880
  45. Bettna church, Södermanland, & chapel, 1780, unexecuted
  46. Heinola residence, Häme, Finland, 1780, not built
  47. Helgeandsholmen, Count Per's house and Lower Royal. Stallgården, Stockholm, 1780, executed around 1780, demolished 1893
  48. Drottningholm, Ståthållarbostad & stables, Upland, 1781, completed in 1787 as a residence
  49. North 's control, Stockholm, incl. plans to create a place for artists, sculptor and professor Johan Tobias Sergel konungastod, 1781
  50. Börringe Church, Zealand, 1782, erected in 1783-1787, carnitine curved hood replaced by a pyramid-shaped in the 1870s
  51. Drottningholm, the dukes' stables, Upland, 1782, converted into senior citizen housing in 1985, a historic building in 1987
  52. Rystads Church, West Yorkshire, organ facade, 1782
  53. Slack's Church, West Yorkshire, altar setup & organ facade, 1782
  54. Vårdö church, Aland, Finland, 1782, the church later expanded during the 1780s, the tower was built in 1805
  55. Turku Hospital, Finland Proper, 1782, built 1783-1784, demolished 1880
  56. Arbrå church, Hälsingland, pulpit, 1783
  57. Enåsa church and chapel, Västergötland, 1783
  58. Hedensö manor, Södermanland, wing, 1783
  59. Hökhuvuds Church, Upland, organ facade, 1783, organ building of Olof Schwan 1783, new organ works behind the old organ, 1936
  60. St John's Church, Stockholm, 1783, not done
  61. Skeppsholmen, Kungl. woodyard, Stockholm, 1783
  62. Coins Hall, Stockholm, 1783
  63. Ulriksdal, Upland, Confidence, 1783
  64. Vissefjärda church, Småland, organ façade, 1783, organ building of Pehr Schiörlin 1784, replaced in 1883 by organ from Kalmar Cathedral
  65. Consulates & post office, Helsingor, Denmark, 1784, was built in 1791
  66. Härnösands county, Tennessee, 1784
  67. St. Peter's Church, Malmo, stands & organ facade, 1784
  68. Siuntio Church, Nyland, organ façade, Finland, 1784, facade was built as drawn, organ replacement work
  69. Söraby church, Småland, bleachers & organ façade, 1784, organ building of Pehr Schiörlin 1785, only the facade preserved
  70. Al's church, Dalarna, pulpit, 1784, conducted from 1785 to 1787
  71. Eastern Eds church, Smaland, altarpiece installation, 1784, carried out, but only altarpiece rescued by fire in 1958
  72. Drottningholm, residential, Upland, 1785, not performed
  73. Drottningholm castle stables, Upland, 1785, not performed
  74. Drottningholm, ståthållarkansliet, Upland, 1785, was introduced in 1787
  75. Gothenburg's Hospital, 1785, demolished 1963
  76. Härnösand Gymnasium, Tennessee, 1785, monument 1982
  77. Härnösand Hospital, Tennessee, 1785, ready 1788, a historic building in 1967
  78. Jonsbergs Manor, West Yorkshire, Manor House, 1785, erected in 1791, a historic building in 1980
  79. Vänersborgs church, Västergötland, 1785, only the facade preserved
  80. Österåkers church, Södermanland, 1785
  81. Dädesjö church, Småland, 1786, completed 1794
  82. Haga, Upland, farm buildings, 1786, executed about 1786
  83. Haga Castle, Uppland, 1786
  84. Vähäkyrö church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1786, built in 1803
  85. Church of Hämeenlinna, Häme, Finland, 1786, completed 1798
  86. Uppsala University, auditoriums, 1786
  87. Ölme church, Värmland, built in 1787-1788
  88. Drottningholm Castle, Upland, bridges in the English Park, 1787
  89. Haga, Upland, Corps-de-garde, building guard 1787
  90. Haga, Upland, Gustav III 's Pavilion, 1787
  91. Collegium medicum, Stockholm, 1787, probably carried
  92. We Southern church, Småland, organ façade, 1787, the organ built by Per Schiörlin 1788
  93. Uppsala University, Botanicum, 1787
  94. S Church, Småland, 1788, was built 1830-1831 after a proposal by Per Axel Nyström 1828
  95. Bodsjö church, Jamtland, 1788
  96. Rinna's Church, West Yorkshire, in 1788, built in 1799-1802
  97. Sollerö church, Dalarna, altar set-up, 1788
  98. Western Karaby Church, Zealand, towers, 1788, not done, the tower was built in 1794 after another proposal, a new longhouse from drawings by architect Axel Almfelt 1822-1826
  99. Växjö Bishop farm (Östrabo), Småland, 1788
  100. Hohenwarth, farmhouse, Pomerania, Germany, 1789, demolished 1856
  101. Crow Hults church, Småland, 1789, erected in 1801-1802
  102. Forsmark church and chapel, Upland, 1790, erected in 1796-1802
  103. Gothenburg hospital, a granary and brewery, 1790
  104. Hällekis manor, Västergötland, farmhouse & barn, 1790, extension was built around 1790
  105. Härkeberga Church, Upland, pulpit, 1790
  106. Kvidinge Church, Zealand, towers, 1790
  107. Linköping City Hall, West Yorkshire, 1790, not performed
  108. Gustaf Church, Lulea, altar setup, 1790, carried out but the church destroyed by fire
  109. The church, Southwest Finland, 1790, organ building of Olof Schwan 1791
  110. Norsborgs manor, pavilion, 1790,
  111. Sundby church, Södermanland, 1790
  112. Vasteras Cathedral, Västmanland, epitaph, 1790
  113. Christinae church, Alingsås, stands & organ facade, 1791
  114. Härnösand Gymnasium, Tennessee, lectern, 1791
  115. Falsterbo Light, Skåne, in 1792, built in 1793-1796, upper demolished 1842-1843, monument 1935
  116. Färingtofta Church, Zealand, 1792
  117. Trinity Church, Karlskrona, 1792, north portico finished first in 1862 after the Temple's proposal
  118. Lindberg's Church, Halland, 1792, not done
  119. Linköping Cathedral, tomb, 1792
  120. Notte Appliances church, Småland, 1792, new church was built first in the 1830s after the drawing of the master mason John Abraham Wilelius
  121. Ulrika Eleonora Church in Stockholm, front steps, 1792
  122. Royal Palace in Stockholm, King Gustav IV Adolf floor, 1792
  123. Tuna church, Småland, organ facade, 1792, at the rebuilding in the 1890s were preserved only Pehr Schiörlins organ works from 1795
  124. Varberg's Church, Halland, 1792, the organ facade preserved but rebuilt and with sparser ornamentation
  125. Fors Room Church, Smaland, altarpiece installation, 1793
  126. Kuopio county, Savo, Finland, 1793, unexecuted
  127. Ljung's Church, West Yorkshire, in 1793, built in 1796-1798
  128. Church of Sund, Östergötland, altar setup & pulpit, 1793
  129. Heinola hospital, Häme, Finland, 1794, was built in 1797-1799, now demolished
  130. Jönköping Hospital, 1794, the hospital ended 1825
  131. Karlskrona hospital, 1794
  132. Nyköping Hospital, Saint Anne's Hospital in 1794, completed 1799
  133. Nässjö old church, Småland, organ façade, 1794, processing of Pehr Schiörlins facade drawing from 1794
  134. Vårdnäs Church, West Yorkshire, in 1794, long houses built from 1795 to 1797
  135. Växjö Hospital, Småland, 1794, not performed
  136. Växjö residence, Småland, wind decor & Fence, 1794
  137. Grime's church, Halland, 1795, carried out, the tower, however, first during the 1900s
  138. Holm's church, Medelpad, 1795, demolished in 1903, new construction in the Gothic Revival
  139. King church of Sund, Östergötland, 1795
  140. Rosersberg, Upland, 1795
  141. Lind Hov Royal Farm, Halland, farmhouse & wings, 1796, grand pianos built in 1896, first farmhouse 1838
  142. Lunda church, Södermanland, pulpit, 1796
  143. Stockholm Observatory, 1796
  144. Vreta Abbey Church, Östergötland, gravestone, 1796
  145. But are Church, Upland, 1797, built 1797-1806
  146. Stora Tuna Church, Dalarna, organ façade, 1797, organ building in 1800, fire damage, 1807, new organ, 1969
  147. Oulu Hospital, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1797, not performed
  148. Västerås Hospital, Västmanland, 1797, the buildings demolished in the 1880s
  149. Dädesjö church, Småland, bleachers, 1798
  150. Gryts church, Södermanland, stands & organ façade, 1798, unexecuted
  151. Linköping gymnasium, 1799, new trivial school built in 1828-1830
  152. Kälviä church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, bell tower and parish magazine, 1799, was built in 1803-1804
  153. Vaxholm Church, Upland, 1799, the church consecrated in 1803, the tower is not built
  154. Eastern Husby Church, West Yorkshire, 1799
  155. Karstula chapel church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1800
  156. Stockholm Smedjegård custody, 1800
  157. Strängnäs Cathedral, Södermanland, organ facade, 1800
  158. Tubbetorps property, Västergötland, farmhouse, 1800, probably done around 1800, new residential building built in 1803-1804
  159. Sleeping Valla's Church, West Yorkshire, 1800, not performed, built and designed by Samuel Enander 1816
  160. Matteröds Church, Zealand, 1802, new tower 1897-1898
  161. Brännkyrka Church, Stockholm, 1802
  162. Vreta Abbey Church, Östergötland, tomb, 1802, not done
  163. Fittja bridge, SWE, 1803, built 1813, torn at the beginning of the 1900s
  164. Kalmar gymnasium, Småland, 1803
  165. Leppävirta Church, Savo, Finland, in 1803, erected, but burned in 1834, the new church after the drawing of the architect Carl Ludvig Engel 1846
  166. Rolf's church, Halland, 1803, revised in 1816 by conductor and Lieutenant Pehr Wilhelm Palmroth, towers erected in the 1920s
  167. Skedevi Church, Missouri, 1803, transept my windows bricked up during the 1900s
  168. Bötoms church, Ostrobothnia, 1804, erected in 1808-1811
  169. Jämshög church, Blekinge, 1804, erected in 1804-1833
  170. Vaxholm Church, Upland, organ facade, 1804
  171. Pori School, Vaasa, Finland, 1804, the outbreak of war interrupted the building, burned again in the great fire of 1852
  172. Hammar Lunda Church, Zealand, stands & organ façade, 1805, executed in a somewhat simplified condition of the organ is only the facade preserved
  173. Herrevadskloster, Scania, demesne, 1805, not performed
  174. Frederick Church, Karlskrona, Blekinge, tornhuvar, 1805, not performed
  175. Norrtälje church, Upland, Altar, 1805
  176. Säters church, Dalarna, towers, 1805, the tower damaged by fire in 1803, after a new drawing of Tempelman repaired 1806
  177. Vaksala Church, Upland, stands & organ façade, 1805, Organ building after drawing of Olof Schwan, facade and some original parts preserved
  178. Bjorn Borg's town hall, Vaasa, Finland, 1806, started in 1807, after the war broke new drawings in 1839, destroyed in the fire of 1852
  179. District Hammar's Church, West Yorkshire, altar set-up, 1806
  180. Karbennings Church, Västmanland, 1806, not done, a new church in 1845
  181. Kristdala church, Småland, bleachers & organ facade, 1806
  182. Marstrand's Church, Bohuslän, bleachers & organ façade, 1806, not performed
  183. Säters church, Dalarna, altar pulpit, 1806
  184. S Church, Jamtland, organ facade, 1807
  185. Erajärvi chapel church, Häme?, Finland, 1807, built in 1821
  186. Fagerhults church, Småland, gallery, 1807, probably made, the church torn in the 1890s
  187. Gothenburg Cathedral, tomb, 1807
  188. Harlösa Church, Zealand, stands & organ façade, 1807, carried out, replaced with new organ
  189. Härnösand Gymnasium, Tennessee, entrance gate, 1807, fences & gates, erected in 1810
  190. Sala Church, Västmanland, towers, 1807, none of the proposals made
  191. Stockholm, Nytorget, Skånegatan 83, residential, 1807, demolished 1930
  192. Västra Husby Church, West Yorkshire, 1807, erected after a simplified drawing of Axel Almfelt 1816, burned 1977, rebuilt
  193. Oved's Church, Zealand, stands & organ facade, 1807
  194. Crow Hults church, Småland, organ façade, 1808, processing of Pehr Schiörlins proposal in 1807, organ construction with simplified facade of Schiörlin 1810-1811
  195. Norrsunda Church, Upland, organ facade, 1808, executed, new organ built in 1963
  196. Eastern Husby Church, West Yorkshire, pulpit, 1808
  197. Botkyrka church, Södermanland, bleachers & organ facade, 1810
  198. Säters church, Dalarna, bleachers & organ facade, 1811
  199. Vadstena school, West Yorkshire, 1811, medieval schoolhouse torn down in 1810, a new schoolhouse for other drawings, built first in 1831
  200. Caroli cemetery, Borås, Västergötland, 1812
  201. Hörups Church, Zealand, organ facade, undated, probably not done
  202. Sjöö Castle, Uppland, the measurement of Tessin the Elder terrace & stairs, undated
gollark: Ideally *within* my lifetime...
gollark: I hope there will be a day when we have post-material-scarcity, and do not have to do much work.
gollark: Yes, but what usually happens is:- people work in industry- they are put out of work by this industry becoming less useful, or improving technology- these people complain at government- in order to obtain more votes, the government tries to prop up this failing industry or limit automation- people do more work for no good reason
gollark: Well, government be like.
gollark: Economy be like "we must ensure that people do the same thing as they have previously done regardless of how wasteful it is".

References
    • Villner, L. B. (1997). Tempelman: Arkitekten Olof Tempelman 1745-1816. Stockh: Stockholmia förlag. ISBN 91-7031-069-6, ISSN 0282-5899
    • "The architecture in the late Gustavian stage", in George Nordensvan's, Swedish Art and Swedish artists in the nineteenth century (1925), I. From Gustav III to Charles XV
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