Okta

In meteorology, an okta is a unit of measurement used to describe the amount of cloud cover at any given location such as a weather station. Sky conditions are estimated in terms of how many eighths of the sky are covered in cloud, ranging from 0 oktas (completely clear sky) through to 8 oktas (completely overcast). In addition, in the SYNOP code there is an extra cloud cover indicator '9' indicating that the sky is totally obscured (i.e. hidden from view), usually due to dense fog or heavy snow.

Scale of cloud cover measured in oktas (eighths) with the meteorological symbol for each okta.

When used in weather charts, okta measurements are shown by means of graphic symbols (rather than numerals) contained within weather circles, to which are attached further symbols indicating other measured data such as wind speed and wind direction.[1]

Although relatively straightforward to measure (visually, for instance, by using a mirror[2]), oktas only estimate cloud cover in terms of the area of the sky covered by clouds. They do not account for cloud type or thickness, and this limits their use for estimating cloud albedo or surface solar radiation receipt.

Cloud oktas can also be measured using satellite imagery from geostationary satellites equipped with high-resolution image sensors such as Himawari-8. Similar to traditional approaches, satellite images do not account for cloud composition.

Oktas are often referenced in aviation weather forecasts and low level forecasts: SKC = Sky clear (0 oktas); FEW = Few (1 to 2 oktas); SCT = Scattered (3 to 4 oktas); BKN = Broken (5 to 7 oktas); OVC = Overcast (8 oktas); NSC = nil significant cloud; CAVOK = ceiling and visibility okay.[3]

Unicode

There are some symbols in Unicode which resemble those used for oktas. However, some okta symbols lack a similar-looking Unicode character. The use of Unicode to render oktas depends on whether a font with these characters is installed; Unicode symbols may be difficult to work with in software that does not render these characters uniformly.

The Unicode set of related symbols includes:

Symbol	Unicode code point (hex)	Alt code	Name	Resembles
◯	U+25EF	9711	Large Circle	0 okta
⌽	U+233D	9021	Apl Functional Symbol Circle Stile	1 okta
◔	U+25D4	9684	Circle with upper right quadrant black	2 oktas
◑	U+25D1	9681	Circle with right half black	4 oktas
◕	U+25D5	9685	Circle with all but upper left quadrant black	6 oktas
⬤	U+2B24	11044	Black Large Circle	8 oktas
⊗	U+2297	2297	Circled Times	Sky obstructed

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References

"BBC – Standard Grade Bitesize Geography – Synoptic charts and weather: Page 2". BBC website. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
"Make a Sky Mirror to Observe Clouds and Contrails". My NASA Data. NASA. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
AIP Australia. airservicesaustralia.com. 17 March 2005

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[1] "BBC – Standard Grade Bitesize Geography – Synoptic charts and weather: Page 2". BBC website. Retrieved 2012-01-22.

[2] "Make a Sky Mirror to Observe Clouds and Contrails". My NASA Data. NASA. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.

[3] AIP Australia. airservicesaustralia.com. 17 March 2005