O-I super-heavy tank

O-I was the name given to a proposed series of Japanese super-heavy tanks, to be used in the Pacific Theater. The vehicle was to be very heavy, and carry 11 crewmen. The complete history of the O-I is unknown, due to the "obscure" nature of the project and the limited documentation known to have survived post-war.[4]

This article is about the tank. For the article about the glass container manufacturer, see Owens-Illinois.

O-I
Type	Super-heavy tank
Place of origin	Empire of Japan
Production history
Designed	1940 (100 ton O-I), 1943 (120 ton O-I)
Produced	1943 120 ton O-I[1]
No. built	1 prototype
Specifications
Mass	120+ tons[2]
Length	10 m[1]
Width	4.2 m[1]
Height	4 m[1]
Crew	11[2]
Armor	maximum of 200 mm[1]
Main armament	Type 92 105 mm/L45 gun[3]
Secondary armament	Type 1 47 mm tank gun 3x 7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun[2]
Engine	Two V-12 gasoline engines[2] 550hp x2[2]
Suspension	coil springs[2]
Maximum speed	25 km/h[1]

A diagram illustrating the interior side view of the O-I

A diagram illustrating the suspension of the O-I

History and development

After the Battles of Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union in 1939, Japan tried to improve their tank designs using lessons learned from this battle. Many Japanese tanks such as the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank and the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks were proven to be insufficient to counter Soviet armored forces. A larger tank design was urgently needed. A super heavy tank project was proposed directly in response to the Japanese defeat at Khalkhin Gol.[2]

In early 1940, Hideo Iwakuro, a colonel with the Army Ministry of Japan (陸軍省 Rikugun-shō) ordered the Army Engineering Division to develop a new super heavy tank. Colonel Iwakuro indicated that the new tank should be at least two times larger than the current Type 95 Heavy Tank (26 tonnes). The general outer appearance design was not dissimilar to the Type 95 Heavy Tank.[2] The proposed 100 ton prototype was to be equipped with a Type 92 105 mm cannon for its main gun.[2]

The development process was restarted by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Tokyo Machinery Division on the 120 ton version under the designation "Mi-To" (for Mitsubishi -Tokyo). Later it was given the official designation of the "O-I tank" (オイ車). "オ" is an abbreviation of "大き"(big or large) and "イ" in Japanese army nomenclature, refers to model number 1, from old Japanese alphabet iroha. The tank was again to be equipped with a Type 92 105 mm cannon for its main gun.[2] Its two smaller front hull turrets were designed to be "offset slightly left from the mid-point".[3] One turret was designed to carry a Type 1 47 mm tank gun as secondary armament. The other turret was to carry a 7.7 mm machine gun. The rear hull was designed to have two more smaller turrets each with a 7.7 mm machine gun.[2]

One of the main features of the O-I tank was its thick armor. Its armor had a maximum thickness of up to 200 mm, as well as 35 mm +75 mm plates on its sides and 150 mm at the back.[2][1] The tank was to have two V-12 petrol-fueled aircraft engines designed by BMW in Germany and licensed to Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan. This was the same engine used in the Type 5 Chi-Ri medium tank.[2][5] The engines were mounted "lengthwise parallel to each other" in the rear hull.[2]

According to historian Steven Zaloga, there were "rumors that work was underway" on the 120-ton version, but no known documentation survived the war.[6] According to Akira Takizawa, one prototype of 120 tons was completed in 1943. However, the tank was "unpractical" and the project terminated.[1] According to Kenneth Estes, the O-I project was cancelled before the 120+ ton prototype was completed.[3] According to another source, the model kit company FineMolds in Japan bought some original documents and plans of the O-I. The source also contends that the proposed 100 ton design and "140-150" ton design are "incorrect representations of the O-I".[4] A tank track from the project is on display at the JGSDF Fuji School in Japan. In the end, the complete history of the O-I prototype is unknown due to the "obscure" nature of the project and the limited documentation known to have survived post-war.[4]

Notes

1. Taki’s Imperial Japanese Army page: Super-Heavy Tank "O-I"
2. Estes 2014, p. 37.
3. Estes 2014, pp. 37, 38.
4. Tank Encyclopedia O-I
5. Tomczyk 2005, pp. 29, 30.
6. Zaloga 2007, p. 22.

References

• Estes, Kenneth (2014). Super-heavy Tanks of World War II. Osprey. ISBN 978-1782003830.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Tomczyk, Andrzej (2005). Japanese Armor Vol. 4. AJ Press. ISBN 978-8372371676.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Zaloga, Steven J. (2007). Japanese Tanks 1939–45. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-8460-3091-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Taki’s Imperial Japanese Army Page: Super-Heavy Tank "O-I" - Akira Takizawa