Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero

Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero Limited, also known as Mechanizations and Aero Ltd and Nuffield Mechanizations Ltd[1] was Lord Nuffield's (W R Morris's) personal enterprise developing improved methods for mechanisation and mobility of the British Army and the ground section of the Royal Air Force.

Nuffield Mechanizations
Crusader tanks in Western Desert,
26 November 1941

Origin

Nuffield Mechanizations Limited was incorporated in the mid-1930s, probably as Wolseley Aero Engines Limited. Wolseley had begun aero engine development in 1929 but when Wolseley Motors became a subsidiary of Morris Motors Limited on 1 July 1935 it had been decided to keep aero engine development quite separate. So this business remained Lord Nuffield's personal property and did not become part of the Morris Motors group.

Mending defence

In 1935 at the personal request of the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, Lord Nuffield took on the job of bringing up-to-date the mechanization of the Army and the ground section of the Air Force. The result was that the Wolseley Aero Engine plant would manufacture tank engines and that research units were established there to work on new ideas to improve the mechanization and mobility of the Army.[2]

Aero engines
The 27-litre Liberty L-12 was used as a tank engine

Development and production of Wolseley aero engines was stopped in September 1936.[3] They were developing an advanced Wolseley radial aero engine of about 250 horsepower but the project was abandoned in September 1936 when Lord Nuffield got from the Air Ministry the fixed price Intention to Proceed (ITP) contract papers which he believed would have required "an army of chartered accountants". Lord Nuffield decided he would deal only with the War Office and Admiralty and not the Air Ministry (see Airspeed).

Tanks

During World War II Nuffield Mechanizations was engaged in military production. Among their activities was production of the Liberty L-12 engine for use in British tanks of the period. In 1939 one of their subsidiaries was given the opportunity to take part in production of the Covenanter tank then being designed but opted to develop their own version of the design which became the Crusader tank.

It is reported that these tanks were under-gunned and notoriously unreliable. They were withdrawn from front-line service in 1942[4]; Crusader III saw the introduction of the Mk. IV Liberty engine, fixing many of the reliability issues previously encountered.

Nuffield Mechanizations followed this with the Cavalier tank which also used the Liberty engine. Though the tank was put into production the power of the Liberty engine was limited and because of the increase in tank weight the Cavalier was not used in combat. The last tank the Liberty engine was produced for was the A27L Centaur tank, effectively an underpowered Cromwell tank.

Bofors anti-aircraft gun

Bofors guns

During World War II the Gosford Street, Coventry, plant was to provide over half the UK output of Bofors anti-aircraft guns.[5]

Locations

Nuffield Mechanizations' plants were in Drews Lane, Ward End, Birmingham and Gosford Street Coventry.

  • Morris at war
gollark: Yes, you mentioned adding this. So apl alternates, it looks like.
gollark: For what?
gollark: No, it isn't. Weird.
gollark: The OPPOSITE of what people just did?
gollark: Huh, what's the "apl" one doing?

References
  1. A Summary Description of the Papers of the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust
  2. James Leasor, Wheels to Fortune, Cornwall UK, Stratus, 2001
  3. H A Taylor & D H Middleton, Airspeed Aircraft since 1931, London, Putnam Aeronautical, 1991
  4. Steven Parissien,, The Life of the Automobile: The Complete History of the Motor Car, Thomas Dunne New York, 2015 ISBN 978-1-250-04063-3
  5. David Thomas, War, industry, and society: the Midlands, 1939-45 London, Routledge, 1989
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