National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML /ˈnɔːrməl/ (listen)) is an American non-profit organization based in Washington, DC whose aim is to move public opinion sufficiently to achieve the legalization of non-medical marijuana in the United States so that the responsible use of cannabis by adults is no longer subject to penalty. According to their website, NORML "supports the removal of all criminal penalties for the private possession and responsible use of marijuana by adults, including the cultivation for personal use, and the casual nonprofit transfers of small amounts", and "supports the development of a legally controlled market for cannabis".[1] NORML and the NORML Foundation support both those fighting prosecution under marijuana laws and those working to legalize marijuana. Similar affiliated organizations operate under the NORML banner in other countries, among them NORML New Zealand, NORML Ireland,[2] NORML Canada, NORML UK, NORML South Africa and NORML France.

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, NORML
Founded1970
FounderKeith Stroup, Esq.
FocusLegalization or decriminalization of marijuana in the United States
Location
  • Washington, D.C.
Area served
United States
Key people
Erik Altieri, Executive Director, Keith Stroup, Norm Kent, Paul Armentano, Justin Strekal, Political Director
WebsiteNorml.org

In the 2006 United States midterm elections, NORML promoted several successful local initiatives that declared marijuana enforcement to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement, freeing up police resources to combat violent and serious crime.[3]

History

NORML was founded in 1970 by Keith Stroup funded by $5,000 from the Playboy Foundation. Since then, the organization has played a central role in the cannabis decriminalization movement. At the start of the 1970s, the premier decriminalization organizations were Legalize Marijuana, better known as LeMar, and Amorphia, the two of which merged in 1971.[4] The next year, Amorphia led the unsuccessful campaign for California's marijuana legalization initiative, Proposition 19.[5] In 1974, Amorphia merged with NORML.[4]

By the middle of the 1970s, Playboy owner Hugh Hefner's financial support through the Playboy Foundation set NORML apart from its predecessors, making it the premier decriminalization advocacy group. At one point, Hefner was donating $100,000 a year to NORML.[5]

The organization has a large grassroots network with 135 chapters and over 550 lawyers. NORML holds annual conferences and Continuing Legal Education (CLE)-accredited seminars. Its board of directors has, at times, included such prominent political figures as Senators Philip Hart, Jacob K. Javits, and Ross Mirkarimi.[6]

In 1989, Donald Fiedler succeeded Jon Gettman as the executive director of NORML. In August 1992, Richard Cowan became executive director of NORML. Keith Stroup became executive director once again in 1995 after Cowan stepped down. In 2016, Erik Altieri was selected by the NORML Board of Directors to become the organization's 7th Executive Director.

NORML Foundation

The NORML Foundation, the organization's tax-exempt unit, conducts educational and research activities. Examples of the NORML Foundation's advocacy work is a detailed 2006 report, Emerging Clinical Applications For Cannabis.[7] A comprehensive report with county-by-county marijuana arrest data, Crimes of Indiscretion: Marijuana Arrest in America, was published in 2005.[8]

In October 1998, NORML Foundation published the NORML Report on U.S. Domestic Marijuana Production that was widely cited in the mainstream media. The report methodically estimated the value and number of cannabis plants grown in 1997, finding that Drug Enforcement Administration, state and local law enforcement agencies seized 32% of domestic cannabis plants planted that year. According to the report, "Marijuana remains the fourth largest cash crop in America despite law enforcement spending an estimated $10 billion annually to pursue efforts to outlaw the plant."[9] Recent studies show that marijuana is larger than all other cash crops combined.[10] In 2002, the organization used ads containing New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg quotes on his past use of pot, saying "You bet I did. And I enjoyed it." The mayor said "I’m not thrilled they’re using my name. I suppose there’s that First Amendment that gets in the way of me stopping it," but maintained that the NYPD will continue to vigorously enforce the laws.[11]

Media and activism
Signs advertising NORML at the Twin Cities Pride Parade in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 2013

As an advocacy group, NORML has been active in spreading its message to the public.

In early 2009, a petition to President Barack Obama was written asking that he appoint a "Drug Czar" who will treat drug abuse as a health issue rather than a criminal issue and will move away from a "War on Drugs" paradigm. NORML's goal for this petition was 100,000 signatures.

Also in early 2009, when the Kellogg Company dropped its contract with Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps after pictures of him using a bong surfaced in the media, head members of NORML began boycotting Kellogg products and urging all members and supporters of NORML to boycott Kellogg, until the company reversed the decision. NORML also suggested that supporters of the cause send emails or letters to Kellogg explaining the boycott and the reasons behind it, even providing a template for emails and letters. Although Kellogg's profits did not suffer in the first quarter of 2009,[12] consumer ratings polls at Vanno[13] have been cited as indicating that Kellogg's reputation has suffered. Specifically, a small poll of Kellogg's brand reputation at Vanno showed a drop from its previous rank of 9 to 83 after Kellogg decided not to renew its contract with Michael Phelps.[14][15]

On February 15, 2010, a 15-second Flash animation from NORML discussing the potential economic and financial benefit of legalized marijuana was deemed by CBS to be "too political" to display on billboards in New York City's Times Square. This drew criticism in the blogosphere and accusations of hypocrisy on Twitter, since CBS had recently aired an anti-abortion television spot during the 2010 Super Bowl.[16] CBS reversed its decision and the ad was debuted on the CBS Times Square Superscreen on April 20, 2010.[17]

State and local chapters

International branches
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See also

References
  1. "NORML Policy on Personal Use". NORML. October 3, 2004. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  2. "NORML Ireland - REFORMING CANNABIS LAWS IN IRELAND". Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  3. "NORML: Frequently Asked Questions". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.
  4. Joshua Clark Davis. (November 6, 2014). The Long Marijuana-Rights Movement. Archived September 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  5. Joshua Clark Davis, The Business of Getting High: Head Shops, Countercultural Capitalism, and the Marijuana Legalization Movement, The Sixties: A Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Summer 2015
  6. Carlson, Peter (January 4, 2005). "Exhale, Stage Left". Washington Post. p. C01.
  7. "Recent Research on Medical Marijuana". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. February 3, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
  8. "Crimes of Indiscretion". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. March 7, 2005. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
  9. "NORML Report on U.S. Domestic Marijuana Production". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. March 7, 2005. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
  10. Bailey, Eric (December 18, 2006). "Pot is called biggest cash crop". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
  11. NYC Mayor Bloomberg's Pot Use is NORML: Drugwar.com Archived June 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  12. Scott Eden (April 30, 2009). "Kellogg Beats Targets Despite Weaker Sales". TheStreet. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  13. Archived May 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  14. "Dumping Phelps Over Bong Rip Damages Kellogg's Brand Reputation". The Business Insider. February 23, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  15. Graham, Nicholas (February 24, 2009). "Kellogg's Brand Damaged By Dumping Michael Phelps". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  16. "CBS rejects NORML legalization billboard, but accepts "Black Children are an Endangered Species" anti-abortion billboard". NORML. February 15, 2010. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  17. "Foundation To Launch Second NYC Times Square Billboard Campaign New Ad Debuts On April 20 On The CBS Super Screen". NORML. Retrieved August 21, 2010.

Further reading
  • Davis, Joshua Clark (2015). "The business of getting high: head shops, countercultural capitalism, and the marijuana legalization movement". The Sixties. 8 (1): 27–49. doi:10.1080/17541328.2015.1058480.
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