Nonuniversal theory

Nonuniversal theory is a theory of cognitive development first created by David Henry Feldman, a professor at the Eliot-Pearson School of Child Development at Tufts University. The theory proposes that development occurs in domain-specific stages (versus the universal stages of Piaget and others). The stages are: novice, apprentice, journeyman, craftsman, expert and master.

The transition of one stage to the next is one of the core concepts of the theory. In it, development begins with the consolidation of a skill set. Outlying skills are brought closer together through integration of advanced skills or development of retarded skills. The next step is elaboration, where new skills are added. This is followed by a period of stagnation, followed by a phase in which a novel skill emerges which is more advanced than the others. This novel skill then pulls the other skills along with it in a phase called reversion. Then the process repeats itself with another stage of consolidation. This continues until the learner reaches the master level.

Note that the drive for personal skill development doesn't always cease at this particular point, it can cease at any phase and typically ceases during a protracted stagnation phase.

Sources
  • Feldman, D. H. (ed.) (1994) Beyond Universals in Cognitive Development: Second Edition. Westport, Connecticut: Ablex Publishing. ISBN 1-56750-032-3 (first edition: 1980)
gollark: It's hard to make things which are good at *both* of those, and you would deal with twice the heat in one place.
gollark: CPUs have to execute x86 (or ARM or other things, but generally a documented, known instruction set) very fast sequentially, GPUs can execute basically whatever they want as long as it can be generated from one of the standard ways to interface with them, and do it in a massively parallel way.
gollark: It's not very efficient to have one thing do both because being specialized means they can make specific optimizations.
gollark: But they're not as good because thermal constraints and no ability to swap the bits separately.
gollark: I mean, you have CPUs with built-in integrated graphics.
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