Nicolaus of Luxemburg

Nicolaus of Luxemburg (1322 – 30 July 1358) was Patriarch of Aquileia from 1350 until 1358.

Biography

He was born in Prague, the illegitimate son of King John of Bohemia (John the Blind). On 2 August 1342 Pope Clement VI proclaimed him provost of the Diocese of Prague, following John's wish. In the same year, Nicolaus was named canon of Vyšehrad. In a document from 1348 Nicolaus calls himself dean of the church of Olmütz and royal chancellor.

Clement VI appointed Nicolaus bishop of Naumburg on 7 January 1349, as one of the opponents to Johann of Miltitz. Nicolaus could not stand his ground; possibly he was only nominated but never took the office.

On 31 October 1350 Nicolaus became the new patriarch of Aquileia. In May 1351, Nicolaus arrived at Udine. During his term of office, he planned to found a commercial centre called "Carola" together with his half-brother, the future emperor Charles IV. This project was not to be realised. The very year of his establishment, he had to face an attack by Henry III, Count of Gorizia, who destroyed Cassacco, and by Albert II of Austria, who occupied Carnia, Venzone, Udine, Gemona and besieged Cividale. However, the patriarchate was able to escape by giving Venzone and some other castles to the Austrians.

At the end of 1351 and beginning of 1352, some noblemen were executed by order of the new patriarch. The men were said to have participated in the murder of the patriarch’s predecessor, Bertram of St. Genesius, two years before. Like the former, Nicolaus took part in an alliance against the Republic of Venice with the counts of Gorizia, Francesco I da Carrara, lord of Padua, his half brother Charles IV, Louis I of Hungary and the dukes of Austria. The league's troops occupied Grado and Muggia (1356), while Louis stripped Venice of most of Dalmatia. The siege of Treviso (July–September 1356) was a failure, but Venice suffered a severe defeat at Nervesa (13 January 1358), being forced to cede Dalmatia and Croatia to Hungary.

In 1353, Charles IV consented to the erection of a studium generale at Cividale. In October 1354, he visited the Patriarchate of Aquileia on his way to Rome. During his stay, Nicolaus presented him a much sought-after relic, two pages of St. Marc’s gospel. Nicolaus accompanied his half-brother on his way through Italy.

Nicolaus died at Belluno in 1358. The cause is unknown – it is assumed, by sickness. Nicolaus is buried in Udine underneath the main altar of the church.

gollark: I'm not saying everyone will stop doing art and image models will be used instead, I'm saying *commercial* art will probably switch over to image models a significant amount.
gollark: Sure. I'm questioning the commercial viability of it.
gollark: If you can get decent-looking stuff with a few iterations of prompt tweaking you're probably not going to pay another person to do it for you.
gollark: If they want art because it looks nice or they need to advertise something, say, then they'll care less about it being "real art" by humans.
gollark: If people care about art as a status signal or art for some philosophical reason they might want it to be human-made.

References
    • This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Nicolaus of Luxemburg", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.
    • Bianchi, G., Documenti per la storia del Friuli dal 1200 al 1400
    • Guerra, Otium Foriiulii. Manoscritti, Museo Archeologico, Cividale
    • Chronicon Spilimberghense

    Further reading
    • R. Bouillon: Die Beziehungen zwischen Aquileia und Karl IV. während der Amtszeit der Patriarchen Nikolaus von Luxemburg und Lodovico della Torre (1350–1365). Münster 1991.
    • Franz Krones (1886), "Nicolaus", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 23, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 611–613
    • Marco Innocenti (2001). "NIKOLAUS von Luxemburg". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). 18. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1038–1044. ISBN 3-88309-086-7.
    • Tirelli, R. (2000). I patriarchi. La spada e la croce. XV secoli di storia. Pordenone.
    Catholic Church titles
    Preceded by
    Bertram of St. Genesius    		 Patriarch of Aquileia
    1350-1358    		 Succeeded by
    Lodovico della Torre
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.