Negroponte switch

In the 1980s, Professor Nicholas Negroponte of the Media Lab at MIT, originated the idea that came to be known as the “Negroponte Switch”.[1][2][3][4] He suggested that due to the accidents of engineering history we had ended up with static devices – such as televisions – receiving their content via signals travelling over the airways, while devices that could have been mobile and personal – such as telephones – were receiving their content over static cables. It was his idea that a better use of available communication resource would result if the information, (such as phone calls). going through the cables was to go through the air, and that going through the air (such as TV programmes) would be delivered via cables. Negroponte called this process “trading places”. His co-presenter, George Gilder, at an event organized by Northern Telecom, called it the “Negroponte Switch”, and that name stuck from then on.

Nicholas Negroponte had concerns for via signals within static devices. According to this article, it is emphasized that there would be a better use of communication, if the information were to be connected through the air. After, George Gilder , created the name, their became a wanted influence for another device. The switch became a challenge for keeping the media service working. Other claims of the switch were that it was unwiring.

As the upcoming of more mobile devices came about, connections were needed for the data network, and bandwidths were required and deliverable in wired or fibre-optic systems growth. It became steadily less sensible to use wireless broadcast as a way of communicating with static installations. At some point the switch takes place, as the limited radio bandwidth is reallocated to data service to mobile equipment, and television and other media move to cable.

Cory Doctorow, author and sometime Electronic Frontier Foundation activist, has described the process of the switch as unwiring, a move away from a global internetwork, which in reality passes through many chokepoints where data may be controlled and inspected, toward one which uses available bandwidth frugally by passing communications in a mesh and avoiding chokepoints. He and Charles Stross wrote a collaborative short story Unwirer on the process.[5]

The blending of civil liberty and technology may be considered as an effort to reimplement the Internet in the interests of the users, freedom and democracy.


Decline of Negroponte Switch & Benefits

Reasons to eliminate

Millions of consumers were speculating to abandon the "Negroponte Switch", because of the fee-based services. Michael Powell (lobbyist) addressed the issue at a press conference, and made points of the T.V. stations, along with DBS attain.[6] There were assumptions that there was no need to protect the switch if most Americans were not receiving free over-the-air television anyway. In order for this process to occur, the federal law had to take action of requiring digital reception towards newer television sets. Nicholas Negroponte had many concerns for the signals, and even stated that the switch was a challenge for media service. More mobile devices were beginning to expand, which required connections for the network and wired or fibre-optic systems for growing. Communication became less accessible for wireless broadcasting. The U.S. market was predicted to not meet any of the threshold penetration rate. Digital T.V. technology became less resisting, compared to the digital OTA television, that the market declined. Having subscription-based television broadcasting would increase ways of eliminating inefficiencies. The goal was to encourage the transition of digital television within the communication markets.

Benefits for Consumers

Consumers were willing to buy new television sets that could receive OTA digital signals. Once the TV band was able to process after this, then valuable wireless services would create mobile telephones, fixed or broadband access, digital television, and satellite communications. Being that there were problems associated with over-the-air transition to television, consumers were refusing to purchase the digital television receivers. Consumers knew if the programs were being blocked that they would pay more money to access it. The use of television sets became higher in U.S. households. Smaller T.V. stations would be able to save about $1 billion, if released.

Different television companies had marketing advantages and created a type of relationship with households due to the costs. The technology transition became inexpensive, and the success of subscribed television service overpowered the T.V. Band. Consumers wanted to avoid all the expenditures that were required for newer digital T.V. receivers. This saved them at least $150 billion for that. Consumers could avoid the expenses of not purchasing digital T.V., and get benefits towards new competition and service innovation.

Influences for change to digital television

The development of valuable communication networks would help with more opportunities towards new wireless applications. Support for this came from multi-channel video program distributors, network operators, infrastructure suppliers, hardware and software producers, chip makers, and a range of content and application vendors. T.V. providers wanted to supply the households with services, as well as enhancing the system scale. The reallocation of T.V. band spectrum's would give social gains towards digital television transitions. Broadcasters that have chosen to abandon the OTA transmissions will not be affected because the expansion of television will be influenced by the market. [7]

Converging would allow the stations to get value from the use of radio waves. Digital television in the U.S. consists of three different ideas, the first one would be the digital signal. Having an antenna connected to a digital television allows the use of broadcasting radio signals. The use of digital television didn't require as much of any fee based services compared to the Switch. If users switched to digital television, than they could have access to more commercial digital T.V. stations if they had the receiver.

Considering that digital television is a way of having interactive television, I think this can relate to the impact of digital media. This source is a part of the global market of technology, which is what we as individuals partake in. Digital televisions could possibly replace the different versions that are already being used in individuals homes. Some individuals may think that there is no value or reason to add extra channels to their televisions, which is another valid argument. The conversion process towards adding this can be complicated to where users may not want to convert their digital televisions for the future to come. For all we know, the future of digital television could become better or worse, or it may just go away. I think in order for the Switch, to be completely "tossed", that the use of digital television should become a challenge for the use of media service. [8]

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See also

References
  1. Speaking at a Northern Telecom meeting with George Gilder. Negroponte called it “trading places” Gilder called it “The Negroponte Switch”. From Being Digital, 1995, Negroponte, N. ISBN 0-340-64930-5 p 24.
  2. " Nicholas Negroponte had concerns for via signals within static devices. According to this article, it is emphasized that their would be a better use of communication if the information was to be connected through the air.[1] The term “Negroponte Switch” came about from George Gilder. The switch became a challenge for keeping the media service working. Other claims of the switch were that it was unwiring. The New Rule of the Wireless" was first published in Forbes ASAP, March 29th, 1993.
  3. Negroponte’s WIRED articles 1 and 2
  4. Roddy, David // Wireless Review; 01/01/98, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p84
  5. "Unwirer". craphound.com. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  6. Hazlett, Thomas W. (2001-11-01). "The U.S. Digital TV Transition: Time to Toss the Negroponte Switch". Rochester, NY. SSRN 292655. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. Adda, Jérôme; Ottaviani, Marco (2005-01-01). "The transition to digital television". Economic Policy. 20 (41): 160–209. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0327.2005.00135.x. ISSN 0266-4658.
  8. "How Digital TV has made its impact in the global technology market?". Digital meets Culture. Retrieved 2019-12-06.
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