Native American Pidgin English
Native American Pidgin English (AIPE) was an English-based pidgin spoken by Europeans and Native Americans in the United States. The main geographic regions AIPE was spoken in was British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington.
Native American Pidgin English | |
---|---|
Region | United States |
Native speakers | None |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | amer1255 [1] |
AIPE is mentioned in World Englishes as one of many factors influencing American English.
Native American Pidgin English is much more similar to English than many other English-based pidgins, and could be considered a mere ethnolect of American English.
The earliest variety of Pidgin English to appear in British North America is AIPE.[2] AIPE was used by both Europeans and the Native Americans in the contact situation and is therefore considered to be a true pidgin.[3] A pidgin language is made up of two languages sometimes spoken by only one group, but because AIPE was spoken by both groups some would say this makes it a true pidgin. The European people are the ones who taught the Native Americans how to speak English so they could develop AIPE together. This helped them communicate more efficiently.[4]
Native American Pidgin English’s phonology is characterized primarily by decreasing the English phonemic record, through definite exchanges and the loss of some phonemes, together with other distributed phenomena.[5]
See also
- English-based pidgins and creoles
- Chinook Jargon
References
- Kirkpatrick, Andy. The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010. ISBN 978-0-203-84932-3 (page 56)
- Dillard, Joey Lee. Toward a Social History of American English. Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton, 1985. ISBN 0-89925-046-7
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "American Indian Pidgin English". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Gramley, Stephan (2018-10-08). The History of English. doi:10.4324/9780429460272. ISBN 9780429460272.
- Leechman, Douglas; Hall, Robert A. (1955). "Native American Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities". American Speech. 30 (3): 163–171. doi:10.2307/453934. JSTOR 453934.
- Leechman, Douglas; Hall, Robert A. (1955). "Native American Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities". American Speech. 30 (3): 163–171. doi:10.2307/453934. JSTOR 453934.
- Leechman, Douglas; Hall, Robert A. (1955). "Native American Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities". American Speech. 30 (3): 163–171. doi:10.2307/453934. JSTOR 453934.
- Englishes. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010. ISBN 978-0-203-84932-3 (page 56)
- Gramley. S. Varieties of American English. WS 2009‐2010. http://wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/sgramley/VarAmE-01-Introduction.pdf
- Jump up ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). American Indian Pidgin English. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Leechman, Douglas, and Robert A. Hall. American Indian Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities. American Speech 30, no. 3 (1955): 163-71. doi:10.2307/453934.