Nanpin school

Nanpinha (南蘋派, "Nanping or Nanpin or Nampin school") was a school of painting which flourished in Nagasaki during the Edo period.

Pine, Plum and Cranes by Shen Quan, 1759. Hanging scroll, ink and colour on silk. The Palace Museum, Beijing

Etymology

It takes its name from Chinese painter Shen Nanping or Shen Quan (simplified Chinese: 沈铨; traditional Chinese: 沈銓; pinyin: Shěn Quán; Wade–Giles: Shen Ch'üan; c. 1682–1760), an artist who painted in the Ming academic style.

History

He arrived in Nagasaki on the 37th ship on December 3, 1731, and left Japan two years later, on September 18, 1733.[1]

Shen Nanping specialised in bird-and-flower painting (Ch: huaniao hua, J: kachōga), one of the major artistic subjects, especially among professional Chinese painters.

The painting style of Shen Nanping and his school would therefore be fruit of an artistic investigation. In their paintings, flora and fauna are not just "realistic", but are styled just as they appear in Chinese and European treatises.

The commercial activity in the port of Nagasaki facilitated the spread of Western knowledge in Japan. Japanese people were particularly interested in the ancient Chinese culture.

In the 18th century, Japanese people became very interested in Western natural sciences, even if that did not mean a break from Chinese tradition. Chinese and Western treatises on natural sciences could have played a key role in the spread of knowledge on subjects such as botany, zoology, and mineralogy, and that the images featured in these treatises might have inspired artists to choose and create new representations of bird-and-flower. That is why scholar Meccarelli has called the style of the Nanpin school "flora and fauna decorative painting'.[2] In the Nanping painting school, the decorative aspect was even more emphasised, because paintings had to satisfy the taste of merchants.[3]

Notable artists
  • Kumashiro Yūhi (1712–1772)
  • Zheng Pei (fl. mid-18th century)
  • Sō Shiseki (1715–1786)
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See also

References
  1. Kondō Hidemi, 1989, "Shen Nanpin’s Japanese roots", in Ars Orientalis, Vol. 19, pp. 79–102.
  2. Marco, Meccarelli. 2015. "Chinese Painters in Nagasaki: Style and Artistic Contaminatio during the Tokugawa Period (1603–1868)" in Ming Qing Studies 2015, pp. 175–236.
  3. Charles D. Sheldon, 1973, The Rise of the Merchant Class in Tokugawa Japan 1600–1868: An Introductory Survey, New York: Russell and Russell
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