Nafi ibn al-Azraq

Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hanafi (Arabic: نافع بن الأزرق الحنفي‎, romanized: Nāfiʿ ibn al-Azraḳ al-Ḥanafī; died 685) was the leader of the Kharijite faction of Azariqa during the Second Muslim Civil War.[1]

He is said to have been a quietist before he was encouraged by the Kharijite poet Abu al-Wazi to become active.[2] Abu al-Wazi then practically demonstrated that to him by killing a person who spoke against the Kharijites.[3] During the first siege of Mecca in 683 he sided with Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr to defend the city against the Umayyad besiegers but after the siege was over left him because of a difference of opinion on the murder of the third caliph Uthman and went to Basra where the city was already in civil war over tribal disputes. He took over the control of the city by murdering the deputy governor and broke open the prison to free his fellow Kharijites. He was later expelled by the new Zubayrid governor and fled to Ahwaz along with his followers. From there he undertook several raids against the southern Iraqi settlements before being killed by the government forces in 685.[1]

The Azariqa were the most radical of all the Kharijite groups, their doctrines being attributed to Nafi. These included disassociating with the quietist Kharijites, testing the faith of new recruits to see if they sincerely believed in the Kharijite dogma and permitting the murder of women and children of opponents.[1]

References

Wensinck, A. J. (1993). "Nāfiʿ b. al-Azraḳ al-Ḥanafī al-Ḥanẓali". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 877–878. ISBN 90-04-09419-9.
Gaiser, Adam (2010). Muslims, Scholars, Soldiers: The Origin and Elaboration of the Ibadi Imamate Traditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 9780199738939.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche buchhandlung. pp. 28–29. OCLC 453206240.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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[E2-1] Wensinck, A. J. (1993). "Nāfiʿ b. al-Azraḳ al-Ḥanafī al-Ḥanẓali". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 877–878. ISBN 90-04-09419-9.

[2] Gaiser, Adam (2010). Muslims, Scholars, Soldiers: The Origin and Elaboration of the Ibadi Imamate Traditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 9780199738939.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

[3] Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche buchhandlung. pp. 28–29. OCLC 453206240.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)