Murray Basin Rail Project

The Murray Basin Rail Project is a major railway project in the north-west of Victoria, Australia. The project includes the conversion of a substantial portion of the Victorian freight rail network from the historical broad gauge to the standard gauge used in other parts of Australia, and the upgrading of track to enable higher axle loads for more efficient intrastate freight transfer.

The project is being delivered by V/Line in its role as infrastructure manager of the Victorian rail network, under the direction of Public Transport Victoria, and is jointly funded by the Victorian and Australian governments. Construction commenced in 2016 and was expected to be complete by late 2018; however, by mid-2018 the project was incomplete and its future in doubt.

Background

Prior to the Federation of Australia in 1901, the colonial governments of Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, and the other Australian colonies were responsible for development of railway networks surrounding their nascent capital cities. Due to political pressures and disagreements over the technical advantages of various track specifications, a number of different gauges were adopted. In particular, Victoria adopted the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) Victorian broad gauge, New South Wales 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge and South Australia a combination of broad gauge and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge.[1]

Following a Royal Commission in 1921 which recommended the adoption of standard gauge across the country, the first Victorian line to be converted was the North East line in 1962 between Melbourne and Albury, eliminating the break of gauge at the state border and allowing trains to run between Sydney and Melbourne for the first time.[2] Then, in 1995, the Melbourne–Adelaide railway was standardised, meaning that all capital cities were linked by a single gauge for the first time in Australia's history. Over the following years, new private rail freight operators invested in new interstate services due to the reduced running costs of a single-gauge network.[3]

In May 2001, the state government under Premier Steve Bracks promised the standardisation of 13 freight lines, incorporating some 2,000 km (1,200 mi) of track. The rationale offered for the Regional Gauge Standardisation program was that it would reduce freight costs, improve rail's mode share for intrastate freight, and improve competition between ports. However, the private lessees of the freight network over the following years, Freight Australia and its successor Pacific National, failed to commit to the project, and by 2005, it was largely abandoned.[4] The government announced in May 2007 that the entire state's network would be bought back from Pacific National, with its ownership moving to VicTrack and management responsibility passing to V/Line. Industry groups expressed hope that the purchase would enable upgrade works to proceed on the north-west rail network.[5]

By 2014, approximately 2 million metric tons (2,000,000 long tons) of grain was exported from the Murray Basin annually, in addition to 1,000,000–1,500,000 t (980,000–1,480,000 long tons) of mineral sands and around 13,000 containers of other produce.[6]

In the May prior to the 2014 Victorian election, the Liberal government of Premier Denis Napthine announced the Murray Basin Rail Project, including the standardisation of most rail lines in the state's north-west. The announcement included future plans for the extension of the Piangil railway line to join the East-west rail corridor near Mildura and the return of passenger services to Mildura;[7] some days later, government ministers downplayed the potential for passenger rail following the upgrade.[8] The government expected that the MBRP would be partially financed by the sale of the Rural Finance Corporation, a state-backed investment bank, to Bendigo and Adelaide Bank.[9]

After the election, in August 2015, the new Labor government of Premier Daniel Andrews announced that they would recommit to the MBRP, with a particular focus on freight, at a cost of $416 million.[10] The Commonwealth government was initially reluctant to fund the project, as it related to track not managed by the federally-owned Australian Rail Track Corporation,[11] but committed to a contribution of half the project cost in April 2016.[12]

Scope of works

The two main elements of the MBRP are the expansion of the Victorian standard gauge network, and the improvement of line capacity via increased axle loads, both of which are intended to facilitate more efficient intrastate rail connections. The rationale for the project is centred on improved access to the Victorian ports of Portland, Geelong and Melbourne, and encouraging freight users such as Iluka Resources at Hamilton to retain access to the Victorian network rather than economising with existing standard gauge connections.[13]

However, the predominantly broad-gauge passenger network centred on Melbourne's Southern Cross railway station complicates the total standardisation of the rail network.[14] The MBRP includes several sections of dual gauge rail enabling access for both broad- and standard-gauge services.[15]

The Mildura, Sea Lake, Manangatang and Murrayville lines will be fully gauge converted between Maryborough and their respective termini. Further, the defunct standard gauge link between Ararat and Maryborough will be repaired and reopened to traffic. The entire length of the Geelong–Ballarat railway line and the Mildura line between Maryborough and Ballarat will be converted to dual gauge to facilitate standard-gauge access to the Port of Geelong.[15]

In addition to the standardisation, maximum axle loads on all lines will be increased to at least 21 t (21 long tons), with the exception of the Murrayville line, which will be upgraded to a 19 t (19 long tons) axle load. According to the project documentation, this will result in an increase in the payload per train of some 300–400 t (300–390 long tons).[16]

Construction timeline

Stage 1

Stage 1 works commenced in February 2015, consisting of sleeper replacement and regular maintenance on the Mildura line. Structures such as bridges and culverts were inspected, and rail was continuously welded to increase the speed limit on the track section to 80 km/h (50 mph).[17]

175 thousand concrete sleepers and 3,400 m (11,200 ft) of new rail were laid during stage 1.[18] Minister for Public Transport Jacinta Allan announced its completion on 5 September 2016.[19]

Stage 2

McConnell Dowell and Martinus Rail were announced as contractors for stages 2, 3 and 4 of the project on 26 June 2017. The contractors established a project office in Maryborough for the duration of their works.[18] The Mildura and Murrayville lines closed north of Dunolly on 7 August for standardisation work to commence, with the Sea Lake and Manangatang lines remaining open for broad gauge grain traffic.[20] The scope of stage 2 also included the reopening of the Maryborough–Ararat line.[18]

On 23 October 2017, a worker on the project was killed after being crushed between a roller and trailer while loading the trailer near Mildura.[21] The Rail Tram & Bus Union and Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union accused V/Line and its contractors of unsafe work practices on the project; V/Line denied the allegations and the state government announced a full coronial inquiry into the death.[22]

Test trains on the Maryborough–Ararat section began running towards the end of November 2017.[23] Towards the conclusion of Stage 2 works in mid-January 2018, warnings to motorists of the imminent rail traffic were placed on roads crossing the Maryborough–Ararat line. 35 level crossings on the newly reopened line were provided with boom gates to protect road traffic.[24] On 29 January 2018, an official ceremony was held to reopen the line, with a single 830 class locomotive running past state and federal representatives near Avoca.[25]

With the Ararat–Maryborough line open, work continued on the Mildura standardisation, but the originally announced opening date of January 2018 was delayed because of hot weather and fire danger restricting the use of welding and grinding equipment.[26]

A gradual reopening for the Mildura line began on 14 February 2018, with the first trains running to Birchip.[27] This was followed by Pacific National's Fruit Flyer running to Merbein on 22 February 2018.[28] The same train returned with its load to the Port of Melbourne, in the process also becoming the first commercial train to operate over the Ararat–Maryborough section since its restoration.[29]

Further stages

Stage 3 was to include the standardisation of the Sea Lake and Manangatang lines, and was intended to commence in 2018 when stage 2 works were complete and the Mildura line had reopened to traffic.[20][30] Stage 4 works were to encompass the conversion of the Geelong–Ballarat line in its entirety to dual gauge,[15][30] while Stage 5 would have involved the conversion of the Maryborough line to dual gauge north of Ballarat.[15][30]

However, in June 2018, state opposition parties claimed that work had ceased on the project entirely. In response, the government announced that V/Line was reconsidering the staging of the project following feedback from freight rail operators.[31] Later that month, The Weekly Times reported that the project had encountered serious issues, including poor-quality construction on the Ararat–Maryborough and Mildura lines, and, as a result, the state government had asked the newly formed Rail Projects Victoria (RPV) to take over delivery from V/Line and was attempting to end the contract with McConnell Dowell Martinus. However, the government denied the reports, claiming instead that V/Line had taken over management of the works from the contractor and would co-operate with RPV.[32] At the end of June 2018, severe speed restrictions continued to be imposed on the Ararat–Maryborough line, and the lack of a connection at Ararat to the interstate mainline to the south was severely limiting the capacity of the junction.[33]

The state government announced a new package of works, described as the Freight–Passenger Rail Separation Project (FPRSP), to augment the remaining stages of the MBRP at an additional cost of $130 million. The major components of the FPRSP revealed included augmentation of tracks at Ballarat and improved segregation of freight and passenger tracks through the station precinct, as well as the conversion of the Ballarat–Maryborough line to dual gauge originally described as Stage 4 of the MBRP.[34]

Reception and analysis

The project was largely welcomed by regional communities and the agriculture and resources industries. The Victorian Farmers Federation (VFF) called the MBRP a solution to the "foolish" break of gauge situation and suggested that the conversion had the potential to encourage further rail investment from grain producers and transporters.[35] Wakefield Transport, one such operator, noted that the project in totality would enable a round trip to be completed from grain producing regions to the Port of Geelong in less than 24 hours, substantially decreasing transport costs.[36] On this basis, Infrastructure Australia's review of the business case for the MBRP in early 2017 found that the project would likely deliver economic benefits in excess of its costs.[37]

The 2016–17 grain harvest season saw a 70% increase in rail traffic year-on-year, which V/Line CEO James Pinder attributed to the increased capacity provided by stage 1 of the project. The VFF subsequently criticised the lack of progress on the remainder of the project.[38]

However, the Central Goldfields Shire Council expressed concern that the dual gauge section between Ballarat and Maryborough would adversely affect the existing passenger service, noting that the dual gauge setup would impose a speed restriction on the broad gauge passenger traffic.[39]

gollark: They clearly look like cuboids.
gollark: ... furnaces.
gollark: And, er, zombies.
gollark: Oh, and trees which hover if you remove the bottom block.
gollark: It's *basically* as realistic as magic boxes which turn ores into conveniently pure cuboids.

See also

References
  1. Mills, John (July 2006). The Myth of the Standard Gauge: Rail Gauge Choice in Australia 1850 – 1901 (PDF) (PhD thesis). Griffith University. p. 187.
  2. "Transport, Communication and Travel". Year Book Australia, 1967 (PDF). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1967. pp. 440–445.
  3. Carter, Mark (27 July 2015). "20 years on; A pair of interstate milestones – Rail Express". Rail Express. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  4. "Rail Gauge Standardisation Project". Results of special audits and other investigations (PDF). Auditor General Victoria. August 2006. pp. 95–102. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  5. Kingsley, Terri-Anne (16 April 2007). "Rail buyback announced". ABC Local. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  6. Murray Basin Rail Project (PDF). Public Transport Victoria. 2014. p. 2. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  7. "Victorian government outlines rail modernisation plans". The Age. Australian Associated Press. 3 May 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  8. King, Charlotte (13 May 2014). "Confused messages over passenger rail". ABC Mildura-Swan Hill. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  9. "Victorian Government sells Rural Finance Corporation". ABC News. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  10. Pollock, Michael (17 August 2015). "Murray Basin project tracking". The Courier. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  11. Beilharz, Nikolai (26 August 2015). "Victorian rail project faces funding challenge". ABC Rural. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  12. Brown, Emma (8 April 2016). "Federal Government announces $220 million for Murray Basin Rail project". ABC Rural. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  13. PTV 2014, p. 3.
  14. "Warning on Victoria fast rail sleeper choice – Rail Express". Rail Express. 3 March 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  15. PTV 2014, p. 4.
  16. PTV 2014, p. 5.
  17. "Murray Basin Rail Project, Victoria - Railway Technology". Railway Technology. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  18. "Murray Basin gauge conversion contract awarded". Railway Gazette. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  19. Probert, Oliver. "Murray Basin rail works progressing". Rail Express. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  20. Probert, Oliver (1 August 2017). "Murray Basin upgrades begin". Rail Express. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  21. Carey, Adam (24 October 2017). "Rail project worker crushed to death in near Mildura". The Age. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  22. Jacks, Timna (26 October 2017). "Rail death followed warnings about poor safety, union claims". The Age. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  23. Martinich, Rex (20 November 2017). "Major rail project opens Ararat-Maryborough rail line | Photos". The Ararat Advertiser. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  24. Steed, Lachy (16 January 2018). "Freight trains set to return by the end of the month". The Maryborough District Advertiser. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  25. Martinich, Rex (29 January 2018). "Ararat rail line reopened after years of decay". The Ararat Advertiser. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  26. DiFabrizio, Michael (3 February 2018). "Opening of freight line connection delayed". Sunraysia Daily. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  27. DiFabrizio, Michael (14 February 2018). "Birchip stretch in train". Sunraysia Daily. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  28. Cavallaro, Natalie (28 February 2018). "Freight gets back on the rails". Sunraysia Daily. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  29. "First freight train for restored Maryborough-Ararat line | Videos". The Ararat Advertiser. 28 February 2018.
  30. "Murray Basin Rail Project". V/Line Corporation. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  31. Cavallaro, Natalie (30 May 2018). "Nationals slam Labor for putting brakes on Murray Basin Rail Project". Sunraysia Daily. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  32. Hunt, Peter (15 June 2018). "Murray Basin Rail upgrade taken out of V/Line's hands". The Weekly Times. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  33. Martinich, Rex (28 June 2018). "Push for new Ararat rail projects but current work hit by complaints". The Ararat Advertiser. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  34. Wrigley, Brendan (27 June 2018). "State to splash $130 million to separate passenger and freight trains in town". The Courier. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  35. Hinchliffe, Joseph (17 August 2015). "$416 million freight rail upgrade". Bendigo Advertiser. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  36. Hollingworth, Kellie; Peck, Damien (2 August 2017). "Murray Basin rail upgrades aid farmers, industry". ABC Rural. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  37. "Infrastructure Australia positively assesses Melbourne Metro and Murray Basin Rail business cases". Infrastructure Australia. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  38. Miller, Andrew (13 March 2017). "V/Line defends its Murray rail progress". Stock & Land. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  39. Pollock, Michael (21 December 2016). "Push for Murray Basin track change". The Courier. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
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